A representative selection of glazed ceramics recovered from medieval Islamic contexts excavated in the former Roman port Utica (North Tunisia) (23 99 pieces) has revealed new data about glaze technologies central Mediterranean. Stratified sequences pottery have established four main phases occupation which span mid-tenth to mid-eleventh centuries. Significant changes range wares are found Ziri...

This paper is based on a number of reuses Cassiodorus’ Variae that have been found in notarial documents written Rome and Lazio between the tenth eleventh century. Given manuscript tradition becomes visible only from twelfth-thirteenth centuries onwards, these are good starting point to reflect specific question: what were practical contingent motivations that, Lazio, stimulated intellectual el...

Abstract This article proposes that *Magas , capital city of the North Caucasian Kingdom Alania, can be identified with gorodishche (hillfort) Il'ichevsk, in Krasnodar Krai modern Russian Federation. The Alania was most powerful polity Caucasus tenth and eleventh centuries; however, location its has never been satisfactorily established. reviews evidence written sources on * Magas – notably Mas...

The earliest culinary recipes written in the English language, or England, are contained three main Old medical collections, now known as Bald’s Leechbook, Leechbook III and Lacnunga, dating from tenth, possibly late ninth, to eleventh centuries. These reveal contemporary ideas about suitability of various foods for people experiencing conditions, but not a generalised ‘healthy diet’, nor indee...

With an emphasis on its prominent historical points, this article attempts to take a fresh look at the evolution of political thought in Islam and Iran. This review attempts to identify the milestones of the history of political thought in Iran and in particular, in the Islamic world. By identifying them, the impact of each of the ideas of urban Iran, Sunni Islam, Shiite Islam, the Greek and th...