Aircraft are struck by lightning in flight with some regularity and are required to have demonstrated protection against this threat; much of this demonstration is provided by simulating in test the effects of lightning on aircraft structures, components and systems. Clearly these tests need to be carried out in a representative manner and guidance on how to do this is provided in the Aerospace...

The objective of the research reported here was to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of struck-by-lightning deaths. Using data from both the National Centers for Health Statistics (NCHS) multiple-cause-of-death tapes and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), which is maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the authors calculated numbers and annualized rates of lightnin...

[1] The 21 July 1998 thunderstorm observed during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Project (EULINOX) project was simulated using the three-dimensional Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. The simulation successfully reproduced a number of observed storm features including the splitting of the original cell into a southern cell which developed supercell characteristics and a northern cell...

This paper presents the preliminary results from CG lightning characteristics analysis over three large urban areas in southeastern Brazil: the São Paulo metropolitan area, Vale do Paraíba Paulista and the Campinas metropolitan area. A lightning dataset of about 310,000 flashes was obtained by the Brazilian lightning detection network during the months of December, January and February from 199...

Substation protection is one of the most important schemes in power system. Rainfall, Humidity, Temperature and contaminations do not produce over voltage but are capable of lowering the flashover voltage and affect the operation of the equipment. The aim of the study was to identify the climatic factors especially the average lightning days and / or ground flash density so that substation desi...

The millimeter-wave radar observations of wintertime thunderstorms are compared with the Cband radar observations at Mikuni, Fukui. The difference between their echo intensities and the correlation between differential radial velocity and disturbance index are discussed in light of prediction of lightning discharges. The comparatively lower values of the millimeter-wave radar for the intense ec...

[1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the overlying upper atmospheric regions, as well as near‐Earth space. ELF (0.3–3 kHz) and VLF (3–30 kHz) wave energy released by lightning discharges is often the agent of modification of the lower ionospheric medium that...

1. Introduction Automated lightning warning systems are a critical component of many day-today operations. This is particularly true of airports but also applies in some industrial applications, such as mining and the manufacture, testing, and handling of explosives and weapons. Many automated lightning warning systems use a combination of lightning detection information and one or more electri...