The generalized second law of thermodynamics for a system containing a black hole dynamical horizon is proposed in a covariant way. Its validity is also tested in case of adiabatically collapsing thick light shells.

Abstract We show that there exist steady states of the spherically symmetric massless Einstein–Vlasov system which surround a Schwarzschild black hole. The are (thick) shells with finite mass and compact support. Furthermore we prove an arbitrary number shells, necessarily well separated, can To our knowledge this is first result static self-gravitating solutions to any Einstein-matter also inc...

Torsional vibrations of composite poroelastic dissipative spherical shell are investigated in the framework of Biot’s extension theory.Here composite poroelastic spherical shell consists of two spherical shells, one is placed on other, and both are made of different poroelastic materials. Consideration of the stress-free boundaries of outer surface and the perfect bonding between two shells lea...

The Composite Armored Vehicle (CAV) is an advanced technology demonstrator of an all-composite ground combat vehicle. The CAV upper hull is made of a tough light-weight S2-glass/epoxy laminate with embedded ceramic tiles that serve as armor. The tiles are bonded to a rubber mat with a carefully selected, highly viscoelastic adhesive. The integration of armor and structure offers an efficient co...

The radiation efficiency of an acoustically thick circular cylindrical shell has been examined by calculations using the boundary element method for three different boundary conditions, and by conducting experiments using point excitation with the boundary conditions being free at both ends. Both the numerical and experimental results indicate that the radiation efficiency attains a value of un...

Numerical calculations of fully three-dimensional convection in constant viscosity, compressible spherical shells •re interpreted in terms of possible convective motions in the mantles of Venus mad Mars. The shells are heated both internally and from below to account for radiogenic heating, secular cooling, and heat flow from the core. The lower boundary of each of the shells is isothermal and ...

A new closed form formulation of three-dimensional (3-D) refined higher-order shell theory (RHOST) to analyze the free vibration of composite circular cylindrical shells has been presented in this article. The shell is considered to be laminated with orthotropic layers and simply supported boundary conditions. The proposed theory is used to investigate the effects of the in-plane and rotary ine...

In this paper, nonlinear analytical solution of pressurized thick cylindrical shells with variable thickness made of hyperelastic materials is presented. The governing equilibrium equations for the cylindrical shell with variable thickness under non-uniform internal pressure are derived based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The shell is assumed to be made of isotropic and homoge...