In real projects, the trade-off between the project cost and the project completion time, and the environmental uncertainty are aspects of considerable importance for managers. For complex environment with more than one type of uncertainty, this paper presents three types of time–cost trade-off models, in which the project environment is described via introducing the fuzzy random theory. The ex...

When the processing times of jobs are controllable, selected processing times affect both themanufacturing cost and the scheduling performance.Awell-known example for such a case that this paper specifically deals with is the turning operation on a CNCmachine. Manufacturing cost of a turning operation is a nonlinear convex function of its processing time. We also know that scheduling decisions ...