Volcanic eruptions are major natural disturbances with varied and complex consequences. Recent studies of how plants colonize newly created volcanic surfaces already have begun to clarify our understanding of succession. Because volcanoes create disturbance mosaics, it is imperative that we more fully understand the biotic responses. The 1883 eruption of Krakatau captured the world’s imaginatio...

this paper presents the new geochemical isotopes sr and nd, and the mineralization data for the south neyshabour volcanic rocks located in ne iran. based on the chemical classifications, the studied rocks are basaltic trachy andesite, trachy andesite, trachyte, and trachy dacite in composition. all the analyzed volcanic rocks display enrichment in light rare earth elements (lree) relative to th...

Volcanic ash contributed significantly to particulate matter (PM) in Iceland following the eruptions in Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011. This study aimed to investigate the association between different PM sources and emergency hospital visits for cardiorespiratory causes from 2007 to 2012. Indicators of PM10 sources; "volcanic ash", "dust storms", or "other sources" (traffic, firework...

Volcanic caves are filled with colorful microbial mats on the walls and ceilings. These volcanic caves are found worldwide, and studies are finding vast bacteria diversity within these caves. One group of bacteria that can be abundant in volcanic caves, as well as other caves, is Actinobacteria. As Actinobacteria are valued for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, rare a...

The animation of volcanic smoke is useful for natural disaster simulations, entertainments, etc. In this paper, we propose a model to generate realistic animations of the volcanic smoke. The model is designed by taking the eruption magnitude decided by the eruption velocity and the initial volcanic smoke density, the buoyancy generated by the difference between the volcanic smoke density and th...

The polarization lidar photometer networking (POLIPHON) method introduced to separate coarse-mode and fine-mode particle properties of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosols in 2010 is extended to cover Saharan dust events as well. Furthermore, new volcanic dust observations performed after the Grimsvötn volcanic eruptions in 2011 are presented. The retrieval of particle mass concentrations require...