Numerous questions surround the nature of reward processing in the developing adolescent brain, particularly in regard to polysubstance use. We therefore sought to examine incentive-elicited brain activation in the context of three common substances of abuse (cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol). Due to the role of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in incentive processing, we compared activation in this ...

The research basically deals with evaluation of the negative impacts of tobacco on health and the environment with a view to minimize tobacco cultivation among the folk peasants in rural Bangladesh. Therefore, the study has been conducted through the survey method with the easy to understand structured questionnaire through which the data are collected by interview and personal observation. How...

Background and aims: India has a high burden of tobacco usage and its related morbidity and mortality. Almost 30% of the above 15 years of age of the Indian population use some forms of tobacco. Men usually use smoked tobacco, while women more likely use smokeless (chewed) tobacco. Tobacco usage has been identified as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among slum dwellers in urb...

Recently, heat pump drying has been widely used in tobacco processing. Considering the importance of this issue, it is significant to further investigate temperature distribution and energy analysis process. To develop an energy-saving, environmental-friendly, high-quality method, distribution, dehumidification performance, economic issues, thermal efficiency a curing barn (HPCB) traditional co...

The article is devoted to the cleaning of tobacco leaves by leaf-by-leaf method, using a roller-type separating device acting on object with drum knife having cutting edges, forming leaf-separating cells in working area. subject these studies highly specialized and relates field agricultural engineering. Tobacco plants were selected as processing. purpose research was theoretical substantiation...

background: iran is one of the countries that has ratified the world health organization framework convention of tobacco control (who-fctc), and has implemented a series of tobacco control interventions including the comprehensive tobacco control law. enforcement of this legislation and assessment of its outcome requires a dedicated evaluation system. this study aimed to develop a generic model...

Ammonia is an important component of tobacco,primarily, because it is believed to facilitate the absorption of nicotine [1-4]. In addition, ammonium compounds react with sugars during tobacco processing and smoking to form flavour components that ‘improve’ the taste of tobacco smoke [5]. For these reasons, it has been selected as priority component for method development for the WHO Framework C...

The present research is conducted to find out the services and facilities of tobacco companies in promotion of tobacco crop in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique applied for selection sample size. In this method, 135 tobacco growers were selected from fifteen villages of tobacco growers. The principle researcher interviewed selected respondents f...

Sporamin, the tuberous root storage protein of the sweet potato, which is localized in vacuoles, is synthesized as a prepro-precursor with an N-terminal sequence of amino acids that includes a signal peptide and an additional pro-segment of 16 amino acids. A full-length cDNA for sporamin was placed downstream of the 35 S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced into tobacco and sunfl...