The author attempts to formalize the role of push and pull factors in rural-urban migration and urban unemployment in Pakistan. Based on the Harris-Todaro framework, a model is developed that also includes perpetual indebtedness of the peasantry and a monopolistic moneylender. The analysis indicates that measures to control such migration could fail because the moneylender siphons off part of...

Submitters: Charles R. Ratliff and Frank F. Hall, Section of Biochemistr’.,’, Scott & White Clinic; and Scott & White Hospital Foundation, Temple, Tex. 76501 Evaluators: Thomas W. CuIp, BioRegional Reference Laboratory, Medical Arts Building, San Antonio, Tex. 78205 Christopher S. Frings, Medical Laboratory Associates, 1Q25 South 18th St., Birmingham. Ala. 3520.5 James L. Gilleland and John E. ...

İlkel toplumlarda bireysel ve kitlesel göçler mevcut alandan daha verimli ya da güvenli alanlara yerleşmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modern dünyada ise özünde benzer sebepler olmakla beraber, yüksek refah seviyesine ulaşma, eğitim fırsatları istihdam olanaklarına erişme, savaş gibi sebeplerden ötürü meydana gelmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kırdan kente yapılan göçlerin, kentlerdeki olana...

Meaning technologies today arouse a tremendous interest for the various actors of R&D. One find them, in particular, in the kernel of any application or service implementing dialogue or mediation between software agents and human users, for example in the calculus of cooperative answers. One of the essential keys for these technologies is intelligent and efficient knowledge exploitation by agen...

All the species of Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 karyotyped up until now have been classified as 2n = 22. The species of the Physalaemus cuvieri group analyzed by C-banding present a block of heterochromatin in the interstitial region of the short arm of pair 5. Physalaemus cicada Bokermann, 1966 has been considered to be a member of the Physalaemus cuvieri species group, although its interspecif...

Rural and urban labour markets in developing countries are integrated by migration flows, which respond to earnings opportunities at origin and destination. This is the core of the celebrated Harris and Todaro (1970) model, which shows how in equilibrium, migration flows equate expected wages between rural and urban areas. One important implication of this model is that changes in rural employm...

"In this paper we question the pioneering work of Todaro, which states that rural-to-urban labor migration in less developed countries (LDCs) is an individual response to a higher urban expected income. We demonstrate that rural-to-urban labor migration is perfectly rational even if urban expected income is lower than rural income. We achieve this under a set of fairly stringent conditions: ...