Even if the tuning between the first and second register of a clarinet has been noticeably improved by instrument makers, the inharmonicity of the lowest twelfths (which are too large) is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we attempt to understand the physical reasons for this problem and to explore whether or not it is possible to improve the accuracy of these twelfths. The starting poi...

Based on the acoustic experimental data from 30 subjects, we reported sociophonetic variation in the citation tones in Chongqing Mandarin in this paper. The comprehensive analysis of both the pitch and duration illustrated the difference in the citation tones. Our results showed that pitch is greatly impacted by age but not by gender. The tone curve is located on the top of the tone register in...

Prosodic prominence and phrasing has some general principle commonly existed in the world languages, but their execution is language-specific, especially in tone languages like Chinese. The kernel of the issue is that how the pitch manifestation of individual tones accommodate to achieve prominence and phrasing within certain prosodic domain. This paper tries to explore the peculiarity on pitch...

This letter presents an accuracy enhancement technique utilized in 16 bit fully differential successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital converters (SAR ADC). For noise performance improvement to obtain a higher ENOB, the residue measurement which statistically estimates input residual error of comparator with Gaussian fitting is presented. The ADC digital output compensated by results....

It has been long known that the four lexical tones in Mandarin are subject to contextual variation in connected speech. Most of the contextual tonal variation reported to date (not including phonological variation such as tone sandhi) is assimilatory in nature. In this study, however. both assimilation and dissimilation arc found in contextual tonal variation in Mandarin. Four Mandarin spealcer...

This study aims to investigate how tone 2 in Mandarin varies in different intonational contexts. Target tones were embedded in three focus positions and two non-focus positions in actual utterances. The high point and low point pitch values of the tones were observed and compared. The results witness a constant lower tonal high point of tone 2 over that of tone 1 and tone 4, while a similarly e...

Bioethics case reports generally treat aspects of moral fathomability, characterised and addressed in different ways. This paper reads the case as a textual model of scenarios and draws attention to its structure, narrative shape, linguistic register, and the effects of tone and temporality on reader expectation and responsiveness. Such textual elements of case composition reflect authorial pur...

this paper investigates the use of ‘lexical bundles’ in two broad corpora of journalistic writing. the aim of this study is to compare the use of lexical bundles in the two domains, one consisted of newspaper articles written in english and published in england and the other one comprised of newspaper articles written in persian from iranian publications. for this purpose, the frequency of occu...

Speech units are reported to be hyperarticulated in both infant-directed speech (IDS) and Lombard speech. Since these two registers have typically been studied separately, it is unclear if the same speech units are hyperarticulated in the same manner between these registers. The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of register on vowel and tone modification in the tonal language Ma...

The issue of efficient language documentation, particularly with regard to minority and endangered languages, has gained in importance in recent years, as witnessed by several major funding programmes and other human language technology initiatives in the field. An application of finite state technologies to the processing of lexical tone variation in annotated corpora of African languages is d...