The aim of this paper is to conceptualize and design a risk topography that outlines a data acquisition and dissemination process that informs policy markers, researchers and market participants about systemic risk. Our approach emphasizes that systemic risk (i) typically builds up in the background before materializing in a crisis and (ii) is determined by market participants’ response to vari...

Gibbs oscillations in the truncated spectral representation of the earth's topography are strongly reduced by determining its spectral coefficients as a minimum of a nonuniformly weighted, nonquadratic cost function. The cost function penalizes the difference between spectral and true topography with weights that are explicit functions of the topographic height and its gradient. The sensitivity...

The long-wavelength geoid and topography are dynamic effects of a convecting mantle. The long-wavelength geoid of the Earth is controlled by density variations in the mantle and has been explained by circulation models involving whole mantle flow. However, the relationship of long-wavelength topography to mantle circulation has been a puzzling problem in geodynamics. We show that the dynamic to...

Article history: Received 12 January 2016 Received in revised form 26 May 2016 Accepted 27 May 2016 Available online 31 May 2016 A fundamental scientific question is, what controls the Earth's topography? Although the theoretical principles of isostasy, flexure, and dynamic topography arewidely discussed, the parameters needed to apply these principles are frequently not available. Isostatic fa...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract An optimal estimation method for simultaneously determining both basal slipperiness and basal topography from variations in surface flow velocity and topography along a flow line on ice streams and ice s...

Abstract When testing the surface quality of finest structures, white‐light interferometers are in their element, both production and development, as well laboratories research. This measurement principle works on almost all materials, operates without contact, providing profiles 3D with height resolutions nanometer range. Today, large‐area measurements just possible detailed investigations hig...

A surface microtopography design and manufacturing methodology is presented that handles the intrinsic geometrical complexity of a surface microtopography by introducing topography descriptors. The concept of topography descriptor is a generalization originating from known techniques of three-dimensional surface topography analysis. Topography descriptors may be seen as transfer functions that ...