A recent review of published studies revealed that predators generally have lower population densities than non-predators in a variety of communities. We report here similar results for a highly replicated study of macroinvertebrates that colonized very uniform detrital microcosms in an old field. This pattern persisted even though predators usually were smaller than non-predators, as determine...

in mulberry (morus sp.), grown for its foliage, which is the sole food for the silkworm (bombyx mori l.), evolving high yielding varieties is a long drawn and laborious process. one of the important selection parameter that has significant positive correlation with leaf yield is total shoot length [tsl] of the mulberry plant. measuring the length of all the shoots of the test genotypes to get t...

sperm chromatin integrity has been being recognized as an important factor in male fertility. during normal fertilization, high quality sperm with intact chromatin are selected through natural selection in journey from vagina to fallopian tube. however, using assisted reproductive techniques, particularly icsi, the natural selection is bypassed. therefore sperm with dna breakage have the opport...

Chromatin fibers composed of DNA and proteins fold into consecutive loops to form rod-shaped chromosome in mitosis. Although the loop growth dynamics is investigated several studies, its detailed processes are unclear. Here, we describe time evolution length for thermal-driven as an iterative map by calculating physical quantities involved processes. We quantify energy during chromatin formatio...

In situ hybridization using biotinylated total genomic DNA and avidin detection systems was adapted for examination of thin-sectioned plant material in the light and electron microscopes. Root tip material was preserved prior to sectioning, so that the in vivo disposition of the chromatin was maintained. Use of total genomic DNA from Secale africanum as a probe enabled the chromatin from the tw...

in this study, we examined the chromosome number, detailed male meiosis, microsporogenesis, pollen fertility and distribution of cytotypes of diplotaxis harra (forssk.) boiss. this is the first cytogenetic report of the taxon. the two of the populations scored now from regions of the central showed aneuploid (x = 14) meiotic chromosome count and one of the populations studied from the existed a...

Genome function in higher eukaryotes involves major changes in the spatial organization of the chromatin fiber. Nevertheless, our understanding of chromatin folding is remarkably limited. Polymer models have been used to describe chromatin folding. However, none of the proposed models gives a satisfactory explanation of experimental data. In particularly, they ignore that each chromosome occupi...

The essential process of dosage compensation is required to equalize gene expression of X-chromosome genes between males (XY) and females (XX). In Drosophila, the conserved Male-specific lethal (MSL) histone acetyltransferase complex mediates dosage compensation by increasing transcript levels from genes on the single male X-chromosome approximately two-fold. Consistent with its increased level...

The basic unit of chromatin is a nucleosome included an octamer of the four core histones and 147 base pairs of DNA. Posttranslational histones modifications affect chromatin structure resulting in gene expression changes. CpG islands hypermethylation within the gene promoter regions and the deacetylation of histone proteins are the most common epigenetic modifications. The aberrant patterns of...