Abstract Background Recovery in psychotic disorder patients is a multidimensional concept that can include personal, symptomatic, societal, and functional recovery. Little known about the associations between personal recovery (PR) (FR). FR involves person’s ability to recover or compensate for impaired cognition, such as executive functions, loss of skills. Method In this cross-sectional study...

Studies of planning ability typically involve some version of the Tower of Hanoi or Tower of London (TOL). When these tests are administered to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the findings pertaining to planning "performance" have been conflicting. Possible reasons for failures to find deficits in planning performance among MS patients are: (a) the patients typically have relapsing-remit...

A range of evidence supports the view that processes underlying high-level cognitive tasks are diverse. Miyake et al (2000) offer the possibility of grounding some of these notions in three mechanisms: inhibition, shifting and updating. Indeed, numerous claims indicating a key role of inhibition in problem solving tasks such as the Tower of London (ToL) has accrued. But, explicit accounts of th...

Planning ability is one of the core abilities and playing an essential role in problem-solving decision-making process. Mainly, it critical childhood managing school-related demands carrying out daily activities older ages. This study aims to develop a computerized version 4-disc Tower London (TOL) test. Method: The research was conducted by three studies, including children, adults, combined s...

This study examined whether two tower tasks-the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery "Stockings of Cambridge" (CANTAB-TOL) and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS-TOH), are interchangeable for detecting cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Forty PD patients who met the criteria for this study were assessed with both tasks. The relative contribut...

Only recently has there been any consideration of the influence of the problem structure on Tower of London task (TOL) performance. Not surprisingly, these few studies that have investigated this issue have found significant differences in the cognitive demands of individual TOL problems. Based on these previous findings, the aim of the current study was to further explore the effects of two pr...

Evidence of the relationship between altered cognitive function and depleted Fe status is accumulating in women of reproductive age but the degree of Fe deficiency associated with negative neuropsychological outcomes needs to be delineated. Data are limited regarding this relationship in university women in whom optimal cognitive function is critical to academic success. The aim of the present ...

objective : executive functions refer to a group of higher-order cognitive processes responsible for self-regulated and targeted behaviors. this study aimed to investigate the effects of age and gender on executive functions focusing on three distinct areas of attentional control, planning and set-shifting among18-80 year-old healthy subjects. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study e...

In clinical and experimental settings, planning ability is typically assessed using the Tower of London (ToL) or one of its variants. For enhancing the comparability across studies, a common ToL problem set was recently suggested comprising a collection of 4- to 7-move problems. Based on previous theoretical and empirical analyses of problem space and task structure, development of the problem ...

the goal of present study was to compare the performance of adhd and normal children on planning tests. 45 children with adhd aged between 7 to 12 were selected in mashhad city through convenience and randomized sampling. we used snap، cbcl، trf, csi-4 and clinical interview for diagnosis of adhd and put them into adhd-i, adhd-h, adhd-c subtypes. each subtype comprised 15 children with adhd. th...