Disease outbreaks have been recorded due to exposure Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin, a mycotoxin produced by this fungus. F. is fungal pathogen of maize that causes infections, such as wilting rotting, while contact with its fumonisin derivative manifests in the form mild severe illnesses humans animals. Maize infection loss or reduction expected crop yield, thereby influencing househol...

yersinia enterocolitica is newly included in the classification of both the invasive bacteria, e.g. shigella, and the toxicogenic bacteria, e.g. escherichia coli. five human strains and 45 environmental strains were used to produce y.enterocolitical enterotoxin at 40c, 240c and 370c using infant mouse assay. at 250c enterotoxin was produced by 10 environmental strains and by all of the 3 human ...

THE MYCOFLORA OF THE ENVIRONMENT wheat conditioning, milling and screening, and filling zone, as well as, raw material -wheat-, intermediate product -grits- and end product -flour- on day 1, and after cleaning improvements -days 45 and 90- were studied in an Argentine wheat mill. Samples were incubated at 28°C for 5-7 days on Malt Extract Agar with chloramphenicol (100 mg L(-1)) and the results...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most economically important and destructive fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Golestan province, one of the most important zones of wheat cultivation in Iran, is also known for its high rate of digestive tract cancer, which has been attributed to many biotic factors such as fungal toxins. In order to investigate the distribution of toxicog...

Contamination of fish by fungi and their mycotoxins poses major health concerns to human and animals. Therefore, our study was aimed to investigate Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infections and the levels of aflatoxins in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), and fish feed. Samples from O. niloticus and fish feed (n=25 for each) were randomly collected from private fish farms at Q...

Considering crops are susceptible to toxicogenic fungi during plantation, pre-processing and storage, an ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the 12 most frequent mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, HT-2, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B₁, B₂, zear...

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin produced by toxicogenic Aspergillus species. AFB₁ has been reported to cause serious adverse health effects, such as cancers and abnormal development and reproduction, in animals and humans. AFB₁ is also a potent genotoxic mutagen that causes DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. However, the link between DNA damage and abnormal development and reproduct...

A survey was conducted to compare the total viable fungal content and the number of different mold species encountered in 10 types of health foods labeled organically grown and in the same foods without such a label. The foods were wheat flour, corn meal, brown rice, figs, split peas, pinto beans, soybeans, walnuts, pecans, and peanuts. Results showed no consistent difference in either the tota...

Conventionally, toxicogenic strains of C. diphtheria, C. tetani and B. pertussis are grown on a media of animal origin for production of DTP group of vaccines. This media poses various risks such as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), microbial contamination and allergic reactions. To avoid such risks, media containing nutrients of vegetative origin are substituted. The present study involv...

Introduction: The knowledge about the biology of obesity and apoptosis induction adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) may support in development new therapies. Objective: present research aimed to investigate toxicogenic effect all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as well its influence adipogenic differentiation expression genes related DNA damage, cell cycle thermogenesis. Methodology: Cell cultures h...