BACKGROUND Trade liberalization is promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) through a complex architecture of binding trade agreements. This type of trade, however, has the potential to modify the upstream and proximate determinants of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to analyse the association between trade liberalization and TB incidence in 22 high-burden TB countries between 1990 ...

The Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture for the Internet implements a scalable mechanism for quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning. Bandwidth brokers represent the instances of the architecture, that automate the provisioning of a DiffServ service between network domains. Although several bandwidth broker implementations (e.g. [Bri98]) have been proposed, the alternatives and trade-o...

Computer performance evaluation is a key technology for research in computer architecture. The continuous growth in complexity of computer systems is making this task increasingly complex. In general, the problem of developing effective performance evaluation techniques can be stated as finding the best trade-off between accuracy and speed. This optimal trade-off is dependent on the particular ...

It is inadequate to just assure the functional requirements. Quality of service (QoS) must also be satisfied. An important challenge for developing efficient Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is to maintain the QoS attributes because of compositional and dynamical environment of SOA. It is significant to scrutinize how quality attributes are supported by SOA. However, implementation of SOA pr...

Versatile dependability is a software architecture that aims to quantify the trade-offs among a system’s fault-tolerance, performance and resource requirements, and that provides system-level “knobs” for tuning these trade-offs. We propose a visual representation of the trade-off space of dependable systems, and discuss design principles that allow the tuning of such trade-offs along multiple d...

We have designed a snake robot, a hyper-redundant serial linkage of many actuators, that uses a modular architecture. Our design considers size, power, weight, and trade-offs among these criteria. We chose a modular architecture to allow a single joint design to simply be repeated to achieve the sixteen degrees-of-freedom (DOF) the robot normally consists of. At the core of the module is the “S...

In this paper, we propose a powerand area-efficient architecture of Turbo decoder. In order to improve the nonfunctional performance metrics such as power consumption and area, we use the trade-off method between bit error rate (BER) performance and the two non-functional performance metrics. Our proposed architecture shows about 16.7% reduction in power consumption and about 22.5% reduction in...

In the paper, we evaluate our architecture for congestion management for SMS systems. In our architecture an SMS operator can dynamically define the maximum acceptable loss of messages of a nonguaranteed SMS service class, thereby controlling the trade-off between minimal message loss and maximum throughput in an SMS system. We study our proposal through simulations in different scenarios.

the world health organization’s (who’s) world health report 2010, “health systems financing, the path to universal coverage,” promoted universal health coverage (uhc) as an aspirational objective for country health systems. yet, in addition to the dimensions of services and coverage, distribution of coverage in the population, and financial risk protection highlighted by the report, the conside...