“Smart city” has become the new trend of the world’s city development in the 21st century. The traditional cities are composed of concrete, steels, bricks, and glass. Unlike traditional cities, a smart city develops its nervous system through the Internet, supporting the daily life of billions of people. The city's nervous system manages the operation of space and infrastructure, and then with ...

while in the historic urban fabric of iran's cities, there are numerous traditional buildings that have stood up for more than one hundred years, today's buildings, in spite of advanced construction technologies, are not comparable with those traditional ones in terms of resiliency and durability. the sustainable vernacular strategies in design and construction of these traditional ho...

Developed, modern cities throughout the world are facing population declines at an unprecedented scale. Over the last fifty years, 370 cities throughout the world with populations over 100,000 have shrunk by at least 10% (Oswalt and Rieniets 2007). Wide swaths of the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Japan are projecting double-digit declines in population in the coming decades. Internationally, schola...

While in the historic urban fabric of Iran's cities, there are numerous traditional buildings that have stood up for more than one hundred years, today's buildings, in spite of advanced construction technologies, are not comparable with those traditional ones in terms of resiliency and durability. The sustainable vernacular strategies in design and construction of these traditional houses are t...

rapid urban population is widely known as the main inducement of growing cities in terms of quantity and variety in form. however, the city expansion entails physical challenges and it has profound impacts on the issue of urban morphology. it raises global awareness beyond the urbanism and includes sociology, psychology, economics as well as environmental studies due to the implications of broa...

This chapter considers the literature on urbanization and migration to cities from rural areas in developing and middle-income countries. The chapter assesses recent patterns, discusses traditional models, addresses more recent models of migration, presents some of the recent findings from the micro-econometric literature, and closes with a discussion of the role of cities in economic growth. C...

Public infrastructure in Third World cities is generally in a fairly poor condition. The quality of infrastructure services is further eroded by the rapid population growth in most of these cities. Poor infrastructure reduces the profitability of modern sector manufacturing and may therefore inhibit industrialization. The present analysis demonstrates that there may arise situations with stable...