Oküler ilaç uygulamaları, gözün yapısal karmaşıklığı ve savunma mekanizmaları nedeniyle oftalmologlar oküler taşıyıcı sistemler üzerine çalışan bilim insanları için çok zorlu bir alandır. Farklı kornea katmanları, sklera, konjonktival kan akışı, gözyaşı seyreltmesi retina bariyeri gibi engeller, anterior posterior kısımlarına uygulanması etkinliğini sınırlamaktadır. Konvansiyonel uygulama şekil...

XIX. yüzyılda sağlığın geliştirilmesi kavramı ön plana çıkmış; hastalıkların, inovatif farmakolojik ve cerrahi yöntemlerle iyileştirilmesinin yanı sıra yaşam şekli davranışsal değişiklikler sayesinde de önlenebileceği konusu gündeme gelmiştir. Ayrıca için önemli müdahalelerin iletişim stratejik olacağı düşünülmeye başlanmıştır. İletişim, en genel şekliyle bilgi, fikir, tutum veya duyguların bir...

İlk kez 2017 yılında tanımlanmış olan osteosarkopeni; kemik yoğunluğu, kas kütlesi ve bu 2 dokunun fonksiyon kaybı ile karakterize bir geriatrik sendromdur. Klinikte kronik kas-iskelet sistemi sorunu osteoporoz sarkopeninin birlikteliği tanımlanır. Osteosarkopenili bireyler daha yüksek kırık, düşme, morbidite mortalite riski karşı karşıya olup yaşlı bireylerin yaşam kalitesini düşürmektedir. Çe...

Use a structured format Objective Describe the clinical question explicitly Data sources Describe the databases (i.e., list) and other sources Review methods Describe the selection criteria (i.e., population, intervention, outcome, and study design); methods for validity assessment, data abstraction, and study characteristics; and quantitative data synthesis in sufficient detail to permit repli...

conclusions some new approaches are discussed and their impact on renal colic pain control was compared with traditional therapies. the effectiveness of the new approaches in this review is similar or even better than in traditional treatments. results our study showed that some new treatment approaches, such as the use of lidocaine or nerve blocks, can be used to control the severe and persist...

BACKGROUND The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is directly correlated to one's resting blood pressure (BP), age, and biological sex. Resting BP can be reduced using handgrip exercise training, but the impact of age and sex on the effectiveness of training is not well documented. METHODS/DESIGN A systematic search of the literature will be conducted for all experimental studies (incl...

1 Department of Palliative Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK 2 Department of Palliative Care and Policy, King’s College, London, UK 3 Systematic Reviews Training Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK 4 Health Services Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 5 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropica...

BACKGROUND Editorial peer review is universally used but little studied. We examined the relationship between external reviewers' recommendations and the editorial outcome of manuscripts undergoing external peer-review at the Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined reviewer recommendations and editors' decisions at JGIM between 2004 and 2008. Fo...

Last year, 92 peer reviewers contributed their time and expertise to reviewing the submitted manuscripts to the Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health. We regard the anonymous peer review as a vital component to the publishing process. We are fortunate to have a dedicated community of researchers who willingly accept the often grueling and thankless task of critically evaluating the wor...

Mortality is an inevitable consequence of livestock and poultry farming. With a large livestock and poultry population of 513 and 729 million [1] respectively in India, animals die due to different diseases, accidents and disasters. Mortalities are usually thrown out on the roads, farm lands and rivers [2], thus creating different types of menace and environmental hazards. Strategies for carcas...