in modern decentralised health systems, district and local managers are increasingly responsible for financing, managing, and delivering healthcare. however, their lack of adequate skills and competencies are a critical barrier to improved performance of health systems. given the financial and human resource, constraints of relying on traditional face-to-face training to upskill a large and dis...

background: recently, the traditional and complementary medicine has largely gained interest among scholars across the globe. keeping pace with the on-going trend, the iranian academia have provided the phd course on traditional iranian medicine. in this study, we attempted to perform a qualitative study, comparing the phd curricula of the chinese and iranian traditional medicine in detail. met...

BACKGROUND Reimbursement decisions are conventionally based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which often have high internal validity but low external validity. Real-world data (RWD) may provide complimentary evidence for relative effectiveness assessments (REAs) and cost-effectiveness assessments (CEAs). This study examines whether RWD is incorporated in health technology a...