nitrogen is produced mainly from its most abundant source, the air, using three processes: membrane, pressure swing adsorption (psa) and cryogenic. the most common method for evaluating a process is using the selection diagrams based on feasibility studies. since the selection diagrams are presented by different companies, they are biased, and provide unsimilar and even controversial results. i...

the pomegranate juice with high nutritional value has turbid appearance that makes it difficult to preserve and concentrate. microfiltration is useful process which can clarify it. one of the most important problems in this process is fouling phenomenon which affected by several parameters. the effects of fluid velocity, transmembrane pressure, membrane type and its pore size on membrane foulin...

background: with respect to physical relations in force and pressure, we hypothesized that the prevalence of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in patients with a patulous eustachian tube is greater than normal, because in eustachian tube patency, the internal air pressure of the middle ear will not increase after compression, subsequent to trauma. therefore the force upon the tympanic mem...

The influence of sludge properties in SMEBR and conventional MBR pilot systems on membrane fouling was investigated. Generated data were analyzed using statistical analysis Pearson's product momentum correlation coefficient (r(p)). Analysis showed that TMP had strong direct (r(p)=0.9182) and inverse (r(p)=-0.9205) correlations to mean particle size diameter in MBR and SMEBR, respectively. TMP i...

The typical smelting wastewater is with characteristics of high concentration TDS, conductivity, heavy metal ions, and low COD. ultrafiltration (UF) reverse osmosis (RO) an attractive technology to reclaim reuse this kind wastewater. In work, Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) multi-media filter (MMF) was used as the pretreatment processes. UF, RO (CRO) processes applied advanced trea...

Background Background: The fatty acid composition of the sperm membrane changes drastically during spermatogenesis and may be key to its function. Previous data has shown that intake of long chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids can change the fatty acid composition of tissues, including testes and sperm. However, whether these changes in composition translate into changes in semen quality or male...

Direct nanofiltration (NF) of secondary treated effluent can significantly simplify water recycling, especially for small scale operations. This study evaluated the performance a novel flat-sheet submerged NF membrane module at low flux to minimize fouling. The separation system was assessed by periodically measuring color, turbidity, pH, UV light absorbance wavelength 254 nm, and total organic...

Black liquor is a highly alkaline liquid by-product of the kraft pulping process, rich in organic molecules (hemicelluloses, lignin, and acids) inorganic chemicals such as sodium salts sulphur-containing compounds. The release this wastewater without further treatment could have serious environmental financial implications. Therefore, costly process used nowadays. Nanofiltration has been studie...

Here, we report a first study of virus removal by a novel membrane filtration system, named the “Pore Diffusion”. The “Pore Diffusion” manipulated the direction of circulating flow from vertical to parallel to the membrane, thereby achieved to alter the transmembrane pressure as low as possible. We compared the viral activity between before and after filtration by both infectivity assay and rea...