BACKGROUND To compare oral and transdermal delivery systems in domains of lipid effects; cardiovascular, inflammatory, and thrombotic effects; effect on insulin-like growth factor, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome; sexual effects; metabolic effects including weight; and effects on target organs bone, breast, and uterus. METHODS Review of the literature 1990-2010. Studies selected on...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Globally, ADHD affects approximately 5–10% of children and persists into adolescence in up to 85% of affected individuals. Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amfetamine, are the mainstay of treatment in ADHD. A patch that delivers methylphenidate transdermally (methylpheni...

Until now only intravenous and oral formulations of 5HT(3) receptor antagonists have been available. Recently a new formulation of a 5HT(3) receptor antagonist, transdermal granisetron, has been developed, and approved by the FDA. Three phase I studies to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile have shown that granisetron administered by a transdermal delivery system is absorbed by passive diffusi...

CONTEXT The nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), has great potential for the treatment of chronic and 'breakthrough' pain that may occur in certain conditions like cancer. To fulfill this goal, suitable noninvasive drug delivery systems need to be developed for CBD. Chronic pain relief can be best achieved through the transdermal route, whereas 'breakthrough' pain can be best allevia...

In past few decades, scientists have made tremendous advancement in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS), through transdermal pathway, as the skin represents a ready and large surface area for delivering drugs. Efforts are in progress to design efficient transdermal DDS that support sustained drug release at the targeted area for longer duration in the recommended therapeutic window without...

Microemulsions have received great attention for applications in transdermal drug delivery. The use of curcumin for treating various skin diseases like scleroderma, psoriasis, and skin cancer was extensively reported. The solubility of curcumin in various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants was studied herein in order to find the optimal components for a transdermal delivery vehicle. Microemul...

Pain is a prevalent condition in patients with cancer, particularly in advanced stages of cancer. Although strong opioids are the mainstay of cancer pain management protocols, patients are often undertreated. Transdermal buprenorphine is currently available for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain and severe pain which does not respond to nonopioid analgesics; patch doses of 35, 52.5...

Transdermal administration of analgesic medications offers several benefits over alternative routes of administration, including a decreased systemic drug load with fewer side effects, and avoidance of drug degradation by the gastrointestinal tract. Transdermal administration also offers a convenient mode of drug administration over an extended period of time, particularly desirable in pain med...

In the following review, we evaluated the current literature and evidence-based data on transdermal magnesium application and show that the propagation of transdermal magnesium is scientifically unsupported. The importance of magnesium and the positive effects of magnesium supplementation are extensively documented in magnesium deficiency, e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The...

We recently reported that electret, which was prepared by a corona charging system with polypropylene film, could enhance the transdermal delivery of several drugs of low molecular weight. The aim of this study was to investigate whether electret could enhance the transdermal delivery of protein drugs by N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (TMC NPs) prepared by an ionic gelation method. A series...