Ground borne vibration in buildings due to railway traffic is a major concern in densely built up areas. In practice, railway induced vibration is often predicted by means of empirical methods such as the Detailed Vibration Assessment developed by the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The vibration velocity level in the free field is predicted based on a separate characterization of t...

Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely being used in many of industrial and power engineering applications. Different techniques have been employed in order to enhance the performance of the heat exchanger. Air bubble injection is one method to increase the turbulence of the flowing fluids which in turn enhance the heat transfer performance. Injecting air bubbles is one of the promising tech...

mixed convection fluid flow and heat transfer of water-al2o3 nanofluid inside a lid-driven square cavity has been examined numerically in order to find the optimal distribution of discrete heat sources on the wall of a cavity. the effects of different heat source length, richardson number and grashof number on optimal heat source location has been investigated. moreover, the average nusselt num...