Abstract Introduction Mitochondria forms a dynamic network in cells, which is regulated by the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission. The inhibition of fission could result positive effects acute ischemic/reperfusion injury models, due to prevention membrane potential fall that goes along with processes. However, chronic models disadvantageous because it obstructs elimination damaged...

Among all the transgenic mammalians produced so far, goats have represented an excellent model of transgenesis when considering the factors such as the market demand for protein, volume of milk produced per lactation and reproductive rate. Various recombinant proteins have been obtained from the transgenic and non-transgenic goats, and among these, human antithrombin, produced by the transgenic...

Shortly after discovery of ET-1 in 1988, the entire endothelin system was characterized. The endothelin system consists of the three peptides ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3, their G-protein-coupled receptors endothelin receptor A and B (ETRA and ETRB) and the two endothelin-converting enzymes (ECE-1 and ECE-2). Genetically modified animal models are an important tool in biomedical research. Here we descri...

trichomoniasis, a worldwide prevalent infection, is a perfect example of interplay between the infecting parasite and the host, on which the presentation of disease depends. to study the pathogenesis, animal model is required for establishment of infection. in this study, by using strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from vaginal swabs and/or urine samples and maintained in axenic form fro...

Transgenic modification of sperm before fertilization has distinct advantages over conventional transgenic methods. The primary advantage is that the mosaicism inherent in those other techniques is avoided. A culture system using primary cultures of zebrafish male germ cells, in which the differentiation from spermatogonia to functional sperm can occur in vitro, provides the opportunity for gen...

We have established an HLA-A2.1 transgenic rabbit /cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) infection model. Using this novel transgenic animal model, we reported earlier that a multivalent epitope DNA vaccine (CRPVE1ep1-5) containing five HLA-A2.1 restricted epitopes from CRPVE1 (42-50, 149-157, 161-169, 245-253 and 303-311) was successful in providing strong and specific protective and therape...

alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders. memory loss in an alert person and impairment in the function of language, attention, perception, judgment or problem solving can occur in patients with ad. however, there are some medications in order to delay the debilitating aspects of the disease; but unfortunately, scientists could not found approaches to...

Vasectomy in laboratory animals is a crucial step in the production of surrogate female mice. The surrogate mothers play a key role in successful embryo transfer, most important steps for the production of transgenic animal models, investigation of the preimplantation embryo development, and revitalization of cryopreserved strains. Abdominal and scrotal surgeries are common surgical proce...