Gas hydrate can precipitate in pore space of marine sediment when gas concentrations exceed solubility conditions within a gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Here we present analytical expressions that relate the top of the GHSZ and the amount of gas hydrate within the GHSZ to the depth of the sulfate-methane transition (SMT). The expressions are strictly valid for steady-state systems in which...

We propose a novel shadow texture generation method with linear processing time using a shadow depth buffer (SZ-Buffer). We also present a method that achieves further speedup using temporal coherence. If the transition between dynamic and static state is not frequent, depth values of static objects does not vary significantly. So we can reuse the depth value for static objects and render only ...

In offshore structures, most of failures are caused by the lack of sufficient piles strength. Scour phenomena affects the load transition and the pile strength. The necessity of the consideration of scouring phenomena amplifies when the scour depth becomes remarkable, which can endanger the jacket stability. In this paper, a new method is used to consider the pile scouring using nonlinear pusho...

[1] Thermodynamic properties of MgSiO3 tetragonal majorite have been calculated at high pressures and temperatures within the quasi‐harmonic approximation based on density functional theory using the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The LDA results compare exceptionally well with measured thermodynamic properties. A classical Monte Carlo simula...

The logic considered in this paper is FLC, fixed point logic with chop. It is an extension of modal μ-calculus Lμ that is capable of defining non-regular properties which makes it interesting for verification purposes. Its model checking problem over finite transition systems is PSPACE-hard. We define games that characterise FLC’s model checking problem over arbitrary transition systems. Over f...

We introduce a one-parametric family of tree growth models, in which branching probabilities decrease with branch age τ as τ(-α). Depending on the exponent α, the scaling of tree depth with tree size n displays a transition between the logarithmic scaling of random trees and an algebraic growth. At the transition (α=1) tree depth grows as (logn)(2). This anomalous scaling is in good agreement w...

Visual information is initially represented as 2D images on the retina, but our brains are able to transform this input to perceive our rich 3D environment. While many studies have explored 2D spatial representations or depth perception in isolation, it remains unknown if or how these processes interact in human visual cortex. Here we used functional MRI and multi-voxel pattern analysis to inve...