Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is prepared by a low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method in air atmosphere, and it is used as an anode buffer layer (ABL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). The properties of the WO₃ transition metal oxide material as well as the mechanism of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processes are investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic spray pyrolysized WO₃ ABL exhibits...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been intensively studied to meet the increased demands for the high energy density of portable electronics and electric vehicles. The low specific capacity of the conventional graphite based anodes is one of the key factors that limit the capacity of LIBs. Transition metal oxides, such as NiO, MnO2 and Fe3O4, are known to be promising anode materials that are e...

Polyaniline/polystyrene (PAni/PS) composites were prepared in aqueous solution by polymerization of styrene and aniline in two-stages. Firstly styrene polymerize by using Ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant in the presence of various surfactants such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and surfactive dopant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate...

Some transition metal oxides have frustrated electronic states under multiphase competition due to strongly correlated d electrons with spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom and exhibit drastic responses to external stimuli such as optical excitation. Here, we present photoemission studies on Pr0.55(Ca1 - ySry)0.45MnO3 (y = 0.25), SrTiO3, and Ti1 - xCoxO2 (x = 0.05, 0.10) under laser ill...

the oxidative coupling of methane (ocm) over m-na-mn/sio2 catalysts (m=w, cr, nb and v) was investigated using a continuous-flow quartz reactor at 775°c, 1 atm and 100 cm3min-1 gas flow rates, and correlated with the observed structure and redox properties.the interaction effects of the metal-metal and metal-support on the methane conversion and c2+ yield were investigated using x-ray diffracti...

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), analogue of graphene, could form various dimensionalities. Similar to carbon, one-dimensional (1D) nanotube of TMD materials has wide application in hydrogen storage, Li-ion batteries, and supercapacitors due to their unique structure and properties. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of tungsten disulfide nanotubes (WS2-NTs)/graphene (GS) sandwich-type ...

The presence of multiple, neighbouring transition metals presents a challenge for powder diffraction when trying to locate individual elements in a structure. Combining the information in X-ray and neutron data in simultaneous refinements has historically been a powerful tool. However, increasingly complex compositions require more information and element contrast than two datasets can provide....

Transition metal oxides offer functional properties beyond conventional semiconductors. Bridging the gap between the fundamental research frontier in oxide electronics and their realization in commercial devices demands a wafer-scale growth approach for high-quality transition metal oxide thin films. Such a method requires excellent control over the transition metal valence state to avoid perfo...

The influence of quenched disorder on the competition between ordered states separated by a first-order transition is investigated. A phase diagram with features resembling quantum-critical behavior is observed, even using classical models. The low-temperature paramagnetic regime consists of coexisting ordered clusters, with randomly oriented order parameters. Extended to manganites, this state...

The present study focuses on effects of operational parameters on electrochemical wastewater treatment for synthetic wastewater. Electro-oxidation has emerged as one of the advanced oxidation processes gaining more attention because it offers many distinctive advantages over other conventional methods such as versatility, high treatment efficiency, safety, amenability of automation and cost eff...