The design of pilot assisted wireless transmissions is considered from signal processing and information theoretical perspectives. A general pilot placement model is presented and related figures of merit discussed. A survey of recent pilot assisted transmission theory and techniques is provided.

The gears are changed automatically with the automated shift transmission. In contrast to the automatic step transmission, the ASG must interrupt the tractive force when shifting. This is more clearly detectable the higher the tractive force that is interrupted. For this reason, it can be surmised that ASG will be accepted mainly in small cars. The increasing use of electronic throttle simplifi...

BACKGROUND Previous studies estimating the fraction of transmissions from persons with primary HIV have not focused on the effects of switching sex role in male homosexual populations. Such behavioral fluctuations can increase the contribution of primary HIV in the overall population. METHODS We modeled HIV transmission with 8 compartments defined by 4 behavioral groups, with different anal-i...

BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies support sexual transmission of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II; however, prospective incidence data, particularly for HTLV-II, are limited. METHODS A cohort of 85 HTLV-positive (30 with HTLV-I and 55 with HTLV-II) blood donors and their stable (>or=6 months) heterosexual sex partners were followed biannually over the course of a 10-year period. RESU...

We consider the problem of hiding sender and receiver of classical and quantum bits (qubits), even if all physical transmissions can be monitored. We present a quantum protocol for sending and receiving classical bits anonymously, which is completely traceless: it successfully prevents later reconstruction of the sender. We show that this is not possible classically. It appears that entangled q...

For unicast transmissions, the IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC (Medium Access Control) layer has control packets such as RTS, CTS, and ACK. However, it has no such control packets for multicast transmissions. Therefore, it does not provide reliable multicast transmissions. Most of previous reliable multicast schemes are based on the ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) used for unicast communications. Therefore...

Recently, bicycles are used as exercising machines and traffic vehicles. Planetary gear trains can be used as the transmission systems for bicycles. The purpose of this work is to propose a design methodology for the kinematic design of automatic gear transmissions with planetary gear trains for bicycles. First, applying the check list method (combining and extending methods), the design concep...