background: in previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. this study used ici 182,780, a non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the estrogen receptors. methods: the ovariectomized rats were divided in...

To cite: Ozbek S, Kivrak AS, Erol C, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013009135 DESCRIPTION A 59-year-old male patient with a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer presented to the emergency department with left-sided abdominal pain. Physical examination was unremarkable except for high blood pressure (190/115 mm Hg). There was no history of...

A 42-year-old female with a past medical history significant for intravenous drug abuse presented to the emergency department complaining of a two-week history of worsening left shoulder pain. She denied any trauma to the shoulder but noted it had become increasingly difficult to move secondary to pain. On physical exam she was afebrile and the rest of her vital signs were within normal limits....

GAS GANGRENE is defined as an invasive anaerobic infection of muscle, which is characterised by massive tissue death and by variable degrees of gas production. It is caused by the following organisms of the Clostridial group: C. perfringens (welchii), C. novyi (oedematiens), C. septicum (feseri), C. fallax, C. bifermentans and C. histolyticum. There are numerous other strains within this group ...

General Information Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects approximately 30,000 individuals per year in the United States, with an annual incidence of 1 per 10,000. In most populations primary non-traumatic SAH accounts for 5 to 9% of all strokes. SAH as the result of aneurysms is about 10 to 11 per 100,000 populations in Western Countries, with somewhat higher frequencies in the United States a...

background surgical site infections (ssis) are the most common nosocomial infections in surgical patients. depending on the source of a traumatic wound, particular pathogens are expected to be present while their prevalence varies in different conditions. this study focused on determination of microorganisms in traumatic wound infection and the frequency of staphylococcus aureus and other organ...