BACKGROUND To examine the survival function and prognostic factors of the adjacent segments based on a second operation after thoracolumbar spinal fusion. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed 3,188 patients (3,193 cases) who underwent a thoracolumbar spinal fusion at the author's hospital. Survival analysis was performed on the event of a second operation due to adjacent segment degenera...

This article is a small case series of traumatic spondylolisthesis at L5–S1. Both cases are the result of high-energy trauma, which is usually the case with this type of injury. The title of the article is a bit misleading andwould have been better titled “Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbosacral Junction.” Most of the references used for the article call it a “traumatic spondylolisthesis...

Assessment of the cervical spine using x-ray radiography is an important task when providing emergency room care to trauma patients. In clinical practice, a physician will inspect the alignment of the cervical spine vertebrae by mentally tracing three alignment curves along the anterior and posterior sides of the cervical vertebral bodies, as well as one along the spinolaminar junction. In this...

Acute traumatic brain injury is a worldwide public health crisis. Post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a finding that is present at a frequency of 40% according to data from American TCDB (1,2). Among the mechanisms that have been implicated as causes of post-traumatic SAH is the cortical bleeding through the subarachnoid space. It is estimated that the incidence of post-traumatic SA...