The expectation of a random variable is its average value, where each value is weighted according to the probability that it comes up. The expectation is also called the expected value or the mean of the random variable. For example, suppose we select a student uniformly at random from the class, and let R be the student’s quiz score. Then E [R] is just the class average —the first thing everyo...

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Although endodontic treatment is widely recommended for compromised dental pulp, there is no information regarding the factors associated with failures in primary teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and factors associated with failure of pulpectomies performed in primary teeth by dental students. The sample comprised patients treated at a University Dental Service and requ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to define the clinical indications and demographic characteristics of patients under-going open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and determine the proportion due to preventable failures of contemporary clinical screening and early management. METHODS Case notes were reviewed of consecutive primary open reductions performed for non-...