Osteoarthritis (OA) is affecting large proportions of the population worldwide. So far, no effective disease modifying drug has been developed for this disease, limiting therapeutic options to pain medications, physiotherapy and ultimately surgical approaches, mainly joint implant surgery. In vitro animal studies have demonstrated that bisphosphonates potential become modalities treatment OA. T...

dental implants have provided exceptional rehabilitative options for edentulous and partially edentulous patients. however, as more implants come into play, the more the clinicians come across problems where specific considerations must be taken into account to meet expectations. the toronto bridge is a treatment modality proposed for restoring several teeth lost in patients with increased crow...