This paper presents an acoustic study of the phonetic realization of two consonants in Nias (Indonesia), orthographically represented as mb and ndr. These consonants have been analyzed by Catford (1988) and Brown (2001, 2005) as a bilabial trill and an apical trill, respectively. My own cross-dialectal observations indicate that these consonants have multiple realizations in each dialect. This ...

The Spanish language has two rhotics, the voiced alveolar tap / / and the voiced alveolar trill /r/. Depending on context, these phones are either in free variation or complementary distribution; the only exception is in intervocalic position where the presence of the tap or trill signals a difference in meaning, e.g. pero /pe o/ ‘but’ vs. perro /pero/ ‘dog’ (Hualde, 2005). American English, on...

We present the web application TRILL on SWISH, which allows the user to write probabilistic Description Logic (DL) theories and compute the probability of queries with just a web browser. Various probabilistic extensions of DLs have been proposed in the recent past, since uncertainty is a fundamental component of the Semantic Web. We consider probabilistic DL theories following our DISPONTE sem...

Physical constraints on animal signals can have important consequences for communication. For bird songs that include a trill, performance is physically constrained by a trade-off between the rate at which notes are repeated in the trill and the sound frequency range covered, such that a trill cannot exceed a certain frequency range for a given note repetition rate. Producing trills that are cl...

Trill is one of the most difficult sound for speech synthesis due to the complexity of the speech signal. The problem need to be addressed since it is a popular sound in world's languages. Several languages in the multi-language text-to-speech system of Bell Laboratories have this sound in the inventory. This paper reports a simple method that greatly improve the quality of trill for the Italia...

Recent studies have indicated changes in the glottal excitation source characteristics apart from vocal tract resonances due to tongue tip trilling. In this paper we study the significance of changing vocal tract system and the associated glottal excitation source characteristics due to trilling, from perception point of view. These studies are made by generating speech signal by either retaini...

Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Problem and Applicability Statement Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract Current IEEE 802.1 LANs use spanning tree protocols that have a number of challenges. These protocols need to strictly avoid ...

The IETF TRILL (TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) protocol provides least cost pair-wise data forwarding without configuration in multi-hop networks with arbitrary topology, safe forwarding even during periods of temporary loops, and support for multipathing of both unicast and multicast traffic. TRILL accomplishes this by using IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) lin...

Vocalizations involve complex rhythmic motor patterns, but the underlying temporal coding mechanisms in the nervous system are poorly understood. Using a recently developed whole-brain preparation from which "fictive" vocalizations are readily elicited in vitro, we investigated the cellular basis of temporal complexity of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Male advertisement calls contain t...

IaaS Providers need next-generation virtualized data center networks, providing large-scale multi-tenancy services and meeting new requirements in terms of efficiency and availability. The main limitation of current network architectures mainly comes from inadequate design standards, such as those for Ethernet Bridging (802.1D) and Virtual LAN (802.1Q), which were not designed to handle large n...