Secondary magnetic fields are induced by the flow of electrically conducting seawater through the Earth's primary magnetic field ('ocean dynamo effect'), and hence it has long been speculated that tsunami flows should produce measurable magnetic field perturbations, although the signal-to-noise ratio would be small because of the influence of the solar magnetic fields. Here, we report on the de...

We demonstrate a flexible strategy for local tsunami warning that relies on regional geodetic and seismic stations. Through retrospective analysis of four recent tsunamigenic events in Japan and Chile, we show that rapid earthquake source information, provided by methodologies developed for earthquake early warning, can be used to generate timely estimates of maximum expected tsunami amplitude ...

The December 26, 2004 tsunami was perhaps the most devastating tsunami in recorded history, causing over 200,000 fatalities and widespread destruction in countries bordering the Indian Ocean. It was generated by the third largest earthquake on record Mw=9.1–9.3 and was a truly global event, with significant wave action felt around the world. Many measurements of this event were made with seismo...

A persistent problem in estimating the severity of local tsunamis generated by earthquakes is explaining the great event-to-event variability of tsunami run-up heights relative to the magnitude of the earthquake. Undoubtedly, there is always variability in run-up that is dependent on local bathymetry. However, many earthquakes in recent years have produced unexpectedly high local run-up heights...

This paper discusses the applications of linear and nonlinear shallow water wave equations in practical tsunami simulations. We verify which hydrodynamic theory would be most appropriate for different ocean depths. The linear and nonlinear shallow water wave equations in describing tsunami wave propagation are compared for the China Sea. There is a critical zone between 400 and 500 m depth for ...

We use the 1952 Kamchatka earthquake (Mw 8.8-9.0) and tsunami to explore the effect that internal slip distribution within a rupture has on tsunami amplitude in the nearfield. Our approach is to compare simulated tsunamis from 1952 Kamchatka with deposits in order to identify areas of high slip. Spatial variations in slip during tsunamigenic earthquakes result in variation in tsunami amplitude ...

The important part of the tsunami science is focused on studying the considerable influence of natural geographical objects, like islands and coast bathymetry, on the tsunami waves. Currently, such investigations are mostly implementing by physical modeling allowing obtaining good results on impacting submarine barriers on tsunami wave propagation but actually very expensive. We are designing a...

The paper is devoted to creating effective and flexible Tsunami Modeling Environment based on a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) allowing high-level of operability and reusability of system components. Accordingly, we use the original Virtual MVC-design pattern (VMVC-pattern) approach that is demarcating a Functional (View) and an Implementation (Model) task by inducing an Integrator (Contro...

The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was the worst tsunami disaster in the world’s history with more than 200,000 casualties. This disaster was attributed to giant size (magnitude M ~ 9, source length >1000 km) of the earthquake, lacks of expectation of such an earthquake, tsunami warning system, knowledge and preparedness for tsunamis in the Indian Ocean countries. In the last ten years, sei...

Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past ts...