Broad ligament pregnancy also termed as interligamentous pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Incidence is reported as 1 in 300 ectopic pregnancies. A broad ligament pregnancy usually results from trophoblastic penetration of tubal pregnancy through the tubal serosa and into the mesosalpinx, with secondary implantation between the leaves of broad ligament. It can also occur if a uteri...

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the risk of pregnancy after tubal sterilization for common methods of tubal occlusion. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in U.S. medical centers. A total of 10,685 women who underwent tubal sterilization was followed up for 8 to 14 years. The risk of pregnancy was assessed by cumulative life-table probabilities and propor...

BACKGROUND The relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and subsequent tubal damage is widely recognized. As such, C. trachomatis antibody (CAT) testing can be used to triage women for immediate tubal testing with hysterosalpingography (HSG) or laparoscopy. However, once invasive tubal testing has ruled out tubal pathology, CAT serology status is ignored, as its clinical significance is...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to analyse the fertility prognosis after conservative or radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. DATA SOURCES Index Medicus was searched for all attainable literature on the subject. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION A total of 40 scientific publications through the latest 40 years were selected. For fulfilling the selection criterias the study design should appear ...

Bilateral spontaneous tubal ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of extra uterine pregnancy. The diagnosis is usually made intraoperatively and levels of serum BHCG and ultrasound has not been useful in the diagnosis of bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy. A 33-year-old woman with 8 weeks amenorrhea and sever lower abdominal pain was admitted. A transvaginal pelvic ultrasound revealed left adnexa...

Tubal pregnancy with caesarean scar pregnancy is rare. Early, accurate diagnosis and treatment for this kind of ectopic pregnancy can lead to a decrease of maternal morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a rare case of spontaneous tubal pregnancy co-existing with caesarean scar pregnancy. After timely emergency laparoscopy and curettage, the patient was cured.

BACKGROUND/AIM Tubal pregnancy is a major cause of maternal death in the first trimester and exploration of its underlying molecular mechanism is of great importance. This study aimed to explore the association of tubal pregnancy with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) expression in oviduct tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was pe...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum chlamydia antibody titers (CATs) in tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy and the associated risk factors. METHODS The study population consisted of 55 women wih tubal damage and 55 parous women. CAT was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test and cervical chlamydial DNA detected by PCR. Odds ratios were calculated to assess variable...

Theoretically, total salpingectomy eliminates the risk of an ipsilateral tubal pregnancy. However, total salpingectomy is difficult to achieve using endoloops alone. We describe a situation where this resulted in an ipsilateral recurrence of tubal pregnancy which required emergency intervention and removal of the tubal remnants.

We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman who had undergone reversal of tubal ligation with subsequent heterotopic pregnancy. We review the initial radiological evaluation of heterotopic pregnancies and the subsequent radiologic findings following appropriate therapy.