Immunotherapy for cancer treatment is growing at an unprecedented rate since the inception of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. However, efficacy CAR-T cells against solid tumors hampered by various issues, including “on-target, off-tumor toxicities,” cell exhaustion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, recent advances focus on optimizing using ...

Each tumor harbors unique repertoire of mutated antigenic peptides that are immunogenic and potentially can induce tumor-specific immune responses. Because heat shock proteins (HSPs) have the promiscuous ability to chaperone and present a broad repertoire of tumor antigens to antigen presenting cells, HSP tumor vaccine has been tested in clinical trials. However, this vaccine has many limitatio...

We designed multimodal tumor vaccine that consists of irradiated tumor cells infected with the oncolytic IL-12-expressing HSV-1 virus, M002. This vaccine was tested against the syngeneic neuroblastoma mouse model Neuro 2a injected into the right caudate nucleus of the immunocompetent A/J mice. Mice were vaccinated via intramuscular injection of multimodal vaccine or uninfected irradiated tumor ...

T cell costimulation has great therapeutic potential if it can be optimized and controlled. To achieve this, we engineered T cell-activating fusion proteins and immunocytokines that specifically attach to viral antigens of a virus-infected tumor vaccine. We employed the avian Newcastle Disease Virus because this agent is highly efficient for human tumor cell infection, and leads to introduction...

the development of a therapeutic vaccine against human papillomavirus (hpv) is important for the control of cervical cancer. e7 is the major transforming protein produced in cervical cancers, and therefore represents potential tumor-specific antigen that could be the target of immunotherapy for cervical cancer. among different vaccine strategies, protein-based vaccines are capable of generating...

PURPOSE To evaluate antitumor effects on intracerebral gliomas of genetically engineered tumor vaccines expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-timulating factor (GM-CSF), B7.1, or both (combination). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A rat glioma cell line, RT-2, was engineered with a retroviral vector to express GM-CSF, B7.1, or combination. Tumorigenicity of engineered cells and therapeutic effects of ...

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer has a relatively high remission rate for initial chemotherapy. However, it is very liable to appear adoptive resistance. Irradiated tumor cells modified with GM-CSF are very effective in triggering immune responses. Therefore, combined therapy of tumor cell vaccine expressing GM-CSF with chemotherapy for NSCLC should be focused on. Objectives: To study the...

Objective(s): Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and is on the increase. MUC1 and HER2 as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are abnormally expressed to some extent in 75–80% of breast cancers.  In our present research, a novel chimeric MUC1-HER2 (HM) protein was designed and used to study whether an immune response can be generated against these TAAs. In vitro analysis ...

Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is critical to cancer vaccine based immunotherapy. Efforts to elicit CTLs against tumor MUC1 with peptide based vaccine have not been successful in clinical application. We have design a MUC1 vaccine by replacing B cell epitope of CTB with MUC1 VNTR peptide. Immunization with hybrid CTB-MUC1 plus aluminum hydroxide and CpG adujuvant (CTB-MUC1-Alum-CpG)...

The development of cancer vaccines is based on the premise that tumor cells are potentially targetable by host immunity through effective presentation tumor-associated antigens to reactive T-cell populations. Vaccine efficacy may be limited functional properties effector including lack high-affinity T target self-antigens. In contrast, neoantigens arise from tumor-specific mutational events gen...