Modern tunneling projects will often rely on a Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) rather than traditional drill and blast (D&B) methods, because of TBMs’ increased tunneling efficiency[1]. TBMs have a circular drill at the front, which can range in diameter from 1 meter to 19.25 meters, depending on the desired use for the completed tunnel. Applications of tunnels dug by TBMs range from underground ...
