The volvocine algae provide an unrivalled opportunity to explore details of an evolutionary pathway leading from a unicellular ancestor to multicellular organisms with a division of labor between different cell types. Members of this monophyletic group of green flagellates range in complexity from unicellular Chlamydomonas through a series of extant organisms of intermediate size and complexity...

There is strong evidence indicating that the existing measures which are designed to detect a single high leverage collinearity-reducing observation are not effective in the presence of multiple high leverage collinearity-reducing observations. In this paper, we propose a cutoff point for a newly developed high leverage collinearity-influential measure δ D i and two existing measures δi and li ...

In this report, we propose a robust mixture of regression based on t-distribution by extending the mixture of t-distributions proposed by Peel and McLachlan (2000) to the regression setting. This new mixture of regression model is robust to outliers in y direction but not robust to the outliers with high leverage points. In order to combat this, we also propose a modified version of the propose...

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS These studies were conducted with the assistance and cooperation of the Fifth Marine Regiment, Camp Pendleton, CA. We would like to thank Colonel Brooks, Commanding Officer of Fifth Marines, and Major Turner (his S-3), for their unselfish dedication of time and effort in facilitating access to the officers and staff noncomm...

We prove a complexity classification theorem that classifies all counting constraint satisfaction problems (#CSP) over Boolean variables into exactly three categories: (1) Polynomial-time tractable; (2) #P-hard for general instances, but solvable in polynomial-time over planar graphs; and (3) #P-hard over planar graphs. The classification applies to all sets of local, not necessarily symmetric,...