Mechanosensing by flagella is thought to trigger bacterial swarmer-cell differentiation, an important step in pathogenesis. How flagellar motors sense mechanical stimuli is not known. To study this problem, we suddenly increased the viscous drag on motors by a large factor, from very low loads experienced by motors driving hooks or hooks with short filament stubs, to high loads, experienced by ...

One maintenance task that still exist with conventional motors, are bearing lubrication and renewal. Bearingless motors are replaced with conventional motor that uses a magnetic levitation force to suspend a rotor without any mechanical contact. In bearingless motors, additional windings are wound together with motor windings in stator slots. In this paper, a bearingless permanent magnet-type s...

Video techniques were used to study the coordination of different flagella on single filamentous cells of Escherichia coli. Filamentous, nonseptate cells were produced by introducing a cell division mutation into a strain that was polyhook but otherwise wild type for chemotaxis. Markers for its flagellar motors (ordinary polyhook cells that had been fixed with glutaraldehyde) were attached with...

Linear motors are strong candidates in electromagnetic launching technology for space-use. In this paper, two types linear motors, including parallel magnetic circuit linear permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMC-LPMBDCM) and serial magnetic circuit linear permanent magnet brushless DC motor (SMC-LPMBDCM), have been presented for electromagnetic catapult. The rudimental configurations of thes...

Induction motor is singly excited motor, which is very simple, compact and extremely rugged in construction and most reliable and low cost motor. Although, these motors are reliable but often exposed to hostile environments during its operation which results to early deterioration and in turn lead to the motors failure. Faults and failures of induction machines can lead to excessive downtimes a...

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors have been known for more than 30 years. In recent years especially, a large number of different designs have been developed, both for rotation and linear drives. This talk will provide a definition of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors and classify their different operating principles. The operation of each type will then be explained, commercially available impleme...

Flagellated bacteria, like Escherichia coli, can swim toward beneficial environments by modulating the rotational direction of their flagellar motors through a chemotaxis signal transduction network. The noise of this network, the random fluctuation of the intracellular concentration of the signal protein CheY-P with time, has been identified in studies of single cell behavioral variability, an...

Homodimeric KIF17 and heterotrimeric KIF3AB are processive, kinesin-2 family motors that act jointly to carry out anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), ferrying cargo along microtubules (MTs) toward the tips of cilia. How IFT trains attain speeds that exceed the unloaded rate of the slower, KIF3AB motor remains unknown. By characterizing the motility properties of kinesin-2 motors as a fu...

Actin-based cellular protrusions are an ubiquitous feature of cells, performing a variety of critical functions ranging from cell-cell communication to cell motility. The formation and maintenance of these protrusions relies on the transport of proteins via myosin motors, to the protrusion tip. While tip-directed motion leads to accumulation of motors (and their molecular cargo) at the protrusi...

voltage fluctuation is one of the important types of power quality aspects originated from heavy fluctuating loads. this phenomenon can influence the behavior of induction motors, produce excessive vibration and increase the ohmic losses. in this paper a simplified model to evaluate the electrical characteristics of three phase induction motors under voltage fluctuation conditions will be prese...