This paper examines a fundamental problem in applied mathematics. How can one model the behavior of materials that display radically different, dominant behaviors at different length scales. Although we have good models for material behaviors at small and large scales, it is often hard to relate these scale-based models to one another. Macroscale models represent the integrated effects of very ...

In 1674, the Amsterdam publisher Jan Claesz ten Hoorn printed a new schoolbook, Nieuwe Spiegel der Jeugd, of Franse Tiranny (New Mirror Youth, or French Tyranny). The work, based on chronicle recent ‘Disaster Year’ (1672), during which Dutch Republic was invaded and nearly overrun by French-led coalition, provided concise but highly graphic violent history these turbulent events for youth. beca...