Lesions in the amygdalo-hypothalamic system decreased conditioned and unconditioned alimentary responses in five dogs. During three postoperative months no improvement was observed. The introduction of the new food reward (chosen for each dog as the most preferred) produced a sudden or progressive increase of conditioned and unconditioned alimentary performance. In the cardiac responses accompa...

Previous research has demonstrated that the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for the expression of unconditioned defense behaviors. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices comprise the majority of the mPFC, but the role of these regions in mediating unconditioned defense behaviors is not well understood. In order to address this, we temporarily inactivated the PL or I...

s identified in the databases (SciELO=75; Google scholar=9; EBSCO =312; pubMed=112; Scopus=30 (n=538) Full articles assessed for eligibility (n=208) Excluded abstracts n=10 for duplicity n=189 for subject n=30 for language n=69 lack of access to full-text n=22 book reviews n=10 editorials Full articles excluded n=118 restricted to intrauterine development n=15 Central topic of obesity n=28 No i...

Like other accounts of conditioned inhibition, behavior systems predicts (and Experiment 1 shows) that during summation and retardation tests, presentation of a negative conditioned stimulus (a CS-) created by discriminative Pavlovian food conditioning will interfere with a focal search response, such as nosing in the feeder. Unlike most other views, behavior systems predicts (and Experiment 2 ...

Gray's (1970) reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) was recently updated (Gray & McNaughton, 2000), but the changes have not received extensive empirical validation. The study tests three novel predictions of the revised RST. First, the behavioral activation system (BAS) is expected to be sensitive to both conditioned and unconditioned incentives. Second, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)...

Recent studies demonstrate a role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in reward-related learning. To clarify this role, we assessed the effect of PKA inhibition on the unconditioned and conditioned locomotor activating properties of intra-NAc amphetamine. Rats underwent three 60 min conditioning sessions, pairing a test environ...