Most large cities are spanned by more than one transportation system. These different modes of transport have usually been studied separately: it is however important to understand the impact on urban systems of coupling different modes and we report in this paper an empirical analysis of the coupling between the street network and the subway for the two large metropolitan areas of London and N...

This paper establishes several approaches of assessing whether the use of different fare payment options affect passenger travel behaviour. The analysis compares the behavioural traits of season ticket (Travelcard) holders against those who travel on a Pay As You Go (PAYG) basis, on the London Underground over a fourmonth period. The regularity of passenger journeys is considered through the ex...

BACKGROUND Traditional transportation infrastructure built by heat trapping products and the transportation vehiles run by fossil fuel, both causing deadly climate change. Thus, a new technology of invisible Flying Transportation system has been proposed to mitigate energy and environmental crisis caused by traditional infrastructure system. METHODS Underground Maglev system has been modeled ...

This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over ten years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much large...

Models that calculate the probability that a new volcano or a dike from a nearby eruption will intersect the footprint of the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository are generalized based on a conceptual model developed for the space transportation industry. The proposed hazard area, defined such that every new eruption that occurs there will disrupt the repository, plays a fundamental rol...

heterogeneities of such porous media, whose linear sizes are typically on the order of at least a few kilometers, manifest themselves at four widely disparate length scales: • microscopic scale—at the level of pores and grains (typical sizes are up to tens of microns); • mesoscopic scale—at the level of laboratory core plugs (typical length scale on the order of a few centimeters); • macroscopi...

INTRODUCTION The issue of increasing population is a problem prevailing in all urban cities in the world. Urban congestion in Hong Kong is particularly amplified by its hilly terrain. A clear trend can be seen in recent decades all over the world with networks of transportation as well as provisions of utilities services seeking underground solutions, which in some cases is the only feasible op...

Environmental studies of motor vehicles typically focus on air pollution or noise, but ignore water pollution. In this paper, we examine some of the impacts of motor vehicle transportation on non-point source and on groundwater pollution. Our estimates of the present value of costs for cleaning up leaking underground storage tanks and for controlling highway runoff for major arterials range fro...

We analyze the process of informational exchange through complex networks by measuring network efficiencies. Aiming to study nonclustered systems, we propose a modification of this measure on the local level. We apply this method to an extension of the class of small worlds that includes declustered networks and show that they are locally quite efficient, although their clustering coefficient i...