BACKGROUND An established relationship exists between the built environment and active travel. Nevertheless, the literature examining the impacts of different components of the built environment is limited. In addition, most existing studies are based on data from cities in the U.S. and Western Europe. The situation in Chinese cities remains largely unknown. Based on data from Nanjing, China, t...

The immediate aftermath of Katrina focused the world's attention on the vulnerability of the urban poor and racial/ethnic minority groups in New Orleans. This vulnerability can be viewed in terms of site, the proximity of a neighborhood to a hazard, and situation, the social context of that neighborhood. Vulnerabilities, associated with demographic characteristics such as being poor, being a me...

Novel multidisciplinary and multilevel approaches are required to link biologic and social mechanisms with cancer. We propose a new biosocial concept, â??neighborhood cancerization,â?? which postulates that residents of the same geographically-defined regions can be exposed to common unfavorable circumstances. These common neighborhood-level exposures can in turn have biological consequences th...

sports spaces are the most important services in the city, that have a significant role in raising physical and mental health citizens. after studying the existing sports spaces in the neighborhood, district, region and city of zanjan, determined levels and percapita sport spaces of zanjan city. a total of 19 spaces sports zanjan city, 9 sport spaces neighborhood-scale, 6 sport spaces district ...

Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with poor health outcomes even after accounting for individual-level socioeconomic factors. The chronic stress of unfavorable neighborhood conditions may lead to dysregulation of the stress reactivity and inflammatory pathways, potentially mediated through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. We used multi-level models to examine th...

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome is frequently considered the benchmark in determining the natural sequelae of biologic risks, or the efficacy of various medical interventions in infants born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; Aylward, 2005). Initially, primary emphasis in outcome studies was placed on major disabilities: moderate/severe intellectual disabilities, sensorineural hearing lo...

1 Yinnon AM, Hadas-Halpern I, Shapiro M, et al. The changing clinical spectrum of liver abscess: the Jerusalem experience. Postgrad Med J 1994; 70: 436-9. 2 Rubinson HA, IshikoffMB, Hill, MC. Diagnostic imaging of hepatic abscess: a retrospective analysis. AJR 1980; 135: 735-40. 3 McDonald MI, Corey GR, Gallis HA, et al. Single and multiple pyogenic liver abscess. Medicine 1984; 63: 291-302. 4 ...