OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms underlying the hypertropia associated with unilateral coronal synostosis. METHODS In 13 patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, we measured gaze-dependent binocular alignment before and after strabismus surgery, assessed the superior rectus muscle (SRM) pulley using computed tomography, and simulated posterior displacement of the trochlea and superolat...

AIM Anterior plagiocephaly usually occurs with premature synostosis of the ipsilateral half of the coronal suture. The forehead is flattened on the affected side, with a backward and upward displacement of the affected orbit. The bulging of the calvaria may occur in the contralateral parietal area. MATERIAL AND METHODS This article presents the surgical techniques used over 7 years to treat p...

OBJECTIVE To review research and theory regarding the neurobehavioral correlates and outcomes of single-suture, or isolated, craniosynostosis in children. METHODS A critical review of 17 studies of the hypothesized association between isolated craniosynostosis and neurodevelopment. RESULTS Isolated craniosynostosis is associated with a three- to fivefold increase in risk for cognitive defic...

Plagiocephaly (oblique skull) is premature fusion of one of the coronal sutures. Frontal plagiocephaly is a rare congenital deformity in the skull that is the most complicated form of craniosynostosis to treat. Examination of all sutures is necessary for diagnosis of craniosynostosis In this article, a 10-month-old, healthy girl with deformity of the right forehead and orbit that is caused by f...

Craniosynostosis is a disease defined by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The mechanistic pathology of single-suture craniosynostosis is complex and while a number of genetic biomarkers and environmental predispositions have been identified, in many cases the causes remain controversial and inconclusive. In this study, gene expression data from 199 patients with isolated sagitta...

1. Carlsen NL, Krasilnikoff PA, Eiken M. Premature cranial synostosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: possible precipitation by 1-alpha-OH-cholecalciferol intoxication. Acta Paediatr Scand 73(1):149–54, 1984 2. Currarino G. Sagittal synostosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and related diseases. Pediatr Radiol 37(8):805–12, 2007 3. Freudlsperger C, Hoffmann J, Castrillon-Oberndorfer...

Heterozygous loss of Twist1 function causes coronal synostosis in both mice and humans. We showed previously that in mice this phenotype is associated with a defect in the neural crest-mesoderm boundary within the coronal suture, as well as with a reduction in the expression of ephrin A2 (Efna2), ephrin A4 (Efna4) and EphA4 in the coronal suture. We also demonstrated that mutations in human EFN...

1. Carlsen NL, Krasilnikoff PA, Eiken M. Premature cranial synostosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: possible precipitation by 1-alpha-OH-cholecalciferol intoxication. Acta Paediatr Scand 73(1):149–54, 1984 2. Currarino G. Sagittal synostosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and related diseases. Pediatr Radiol 37(8):805–12, 2007 3. Freudlsperger C, Hoffmann J, Castrillon-Oberndorfer...