Monocular zones adjacent to depth steps can create an impression of depth in the absence of binocular disparity. However, the magnitude of depth is not specified. We designed a stereogram that provides information about depth magnitude but which has no disparity. The effect depends on transparency rather than occlusion. For most subjects, depth magnitude produced by monocular transparency was s...

Stereo-matching solutions minimize disparity relative to the horopter (minimum-absolute-disparity or MAD), and differences in disparity between adjacent features (minimum-relative-disparity or MRD). When placed in conflict, spatial proximity promotes MRD over MAD solutions. How does temporal proximity of neighboring features affect strength of these spatial interactions? We quantified the inter...

Certain pairs of visual patterns, when superimposed as if transparent, elicit a wavering percept in which one or the other pattern can enjoy temporary periods of exclusive visibility. This multistable perceptual phenomenon is called monocular rivalry or pattern rivalry (PR) and is most pronounced when the component patterns are faint and devoid of detail. The principal mechanisms that give rise...

Monocular rivalry was named by Breese in 1899. He made prolonged observation of superimposed orthogonal gratings; they fluctuated in clarity with either one or the other grating occasionally being visible alone. A year earlier, Tscherning observed similar fluctuations with a grid of vertical and horizontal lines and with other stimuli; we draw attention to his prior account. Monocular rivalry h...

unilateral orchidectomy (uo) is required when further breeding potential is important. it is sometimes necessary to remove a single testis in a matured stallion for therapeutic reasons. in this study, twelve donkeys were used to evaluate three techniques of unilateral castration, histological and morphological changes on the remaining testis. results of the study showed that each of the surgica...

Quantitative histology of the descended testis of unilateral cryptorchid bucks was compared with testis of normal bucks to evaluate the reproductive potentials of the scrotal testis in unilateral cryptorchids, using light microscopy techniques. The contralateral scrotal testes of the unilateral cryptorchids and the testes of the normal bucks contained profiles of seminiferous epithelium and eac...

Unilateral cleft lip repair, over the last century, has seen both revolutionary changes and subtle technical refinements. Millard's rotation/advancement technique stands among the most striking of these innovations. We review the evolution of unilateral cleft lip repair including a look at straight-line, geometric and rotation/advancement type of repairs, while looking closely at the underlying...

Though the human eye generally creates a single image on the retina, the literature contains many examples showing perceptual monocular diplopia. Previously, monocular diplopia resulting from astigmatic defocus has been demonstrated to cause a notch (local minimum) in the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). We examine Verhoeff's (1900) model which explains how monocular diplopia can occur thro...