BACKGROUND While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment for depression is highly effective, the high rate of relapse is a critical problem. The current study investigated factors associated with the risk of relapse in mood disorders in patients in which ECT was initially effective. METHOD The records of 100 patients with mood disorders (61 unipolar depression, 39 bipolar depression) who re...

Dual-process models propose that addictive behaviors are determined by an implicit, impulsive system and an explicit, reflective system. Consistent with these models, research has demonstrated implicit affective associations with alcohol, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), that predict unique variance in drinking behavior above explicit cognitions. However, different IAT versions have b...

There is considerable evidence that genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of unipolar depression. Investigations into vulnerability genes for unipolar depression are underway and for more broadly defined depression-related traits, such as anxiety, neuroticism, and harm avoidance. This review discusses some of the core issues related to study design and molecular genetic methodology,...

The concept of unipolar mania, unlike unipolar depression, has received relatively little attention. We review the research available on the validity of it as a separate entity. Studies show that there are few consistent differences in sociodemographic and family history variables in unipolar mania compared to other bipolar disorders, but there are a few differences regarding clinical picture, ...

BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease and are associated with high recurrent often continuing morbidity and high excess mortality by suicide and cardiovascular disease. Whilst there are established, effective and cost-effective treatments for depression, their long-term management is often neglected: there is continuing controversy over the case of ...

accessory pathways (ap) are abnormal myocardial connections between atria and ventricles with electrical conductive properties. we performed radio frequency (rf) catheter ablation in 66 patients with manifest ap at dr.shariati hospital during 5 years. bipolar mapping was used in 48 patients and unipolar mapping in 18 patients of find the best site for rf energy delivery. we calculated total dur...

Differentiating bipolar from recurrent unipolar depression is a major clinical challenge. In 18 healthy females and 36 females in a depressive episode--18 with bipolar disorder type I, 18 with recurrent unipolar depression--we applied pattern recognition analysis using subdivisions of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) blood flow at rest, measured with arterial spin labelling. Subgenual ACC blood ...