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here have been many efforts by cities across the country to revitalize their downtowns. Some have been more successful than others. A major problem, however, has been that there is generally an accepted method of evaluating such efforts. It is difficult for downtown leaders to determine whether a program or activity has been helpful in improving downtown health. Programs that appear successful ...

On October 25, 1965, downtown St. Louis stopped in its tracks and thousands watched as the last piece of the mammoth gateway arch was put into place. The weight of the two sides required braces to prevent them from falling against each other. Fire hoses poured on water to keep the stainless steel cool, which kept the metal from expanding as the sun rose higher. Some horizontal adjustments were ...

In the political science literature, downtown redevelopment has long been seen as the project of a region’s economic elites. But in recent years, large corporations, banks, and department stores have in many cases abandoned central business districts, and downtowns are now more likely to be developed as centers of entertainment and culture, or as residential districts. This article posits that ...

The principles of design discussed here are far from new, and a debt to prior authors is fully acknowledged. Among those I have found most helpful are Raymond Unwin (Town Planning in Practice, 1908), Werner Hegemann (Civic Art, 1922), and Gorden Cullen (Townscape, (1961). The insights of more contemporary practitioners such as Doug Kelbaugh (Common Place, 1997), Peter Calthorpe and William Fult...

There has been a long-standing debate about whether urban living is more or less sustainable than suburban living, and quality of life (QoL) is one of several key measures of the social sustainability of residential living. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined life satisfaction among residents of downtown high-rise living compared to residents living in suburban low-rise hou...