Demographic change has become a major topic for Central, Eastern and Western European cities and urban regions which will be on a "non-growth or decline path" for at least the coming 25 years. Growing and shrinking communities will exist simultaneously side by side within densely urbanised regions. The trend towards further suburbanisation and dispersion observed in the 1980s in Western Europe ...

With accelerating rates of urbanization worldwide, a better understanding of ecological processes at the wildland-urban interface is critical to conserve biodiversity. We explored the effects of high and low-density housing developments on forest-dwelling mammals. Based on habitat characteristics, we expected a gradual decline in species abundance across forest-urban edges and an increased decl...

this paper evaluates the welfare effects of price changes in the main commodity groups in iran. using the iranian urban households’ data issued by the iranian statistics center over the period 1994-2007 we estimate the subsistence level. in addition, using the results from the linear expenditure system we calculate the price and income elasticities along with the compensation and equivalent var...

Urban remote sensing research and approaches to modelling residential mobility focus predominantly on growth patterns. In this paper, the phenomenon of extreme urban decline, named ‘shrinkage’, is scrutinised. The different characteristics of urban decline are illuminated using a multi-scale approach. Selected patterns of the spatial growth and shrinkage are first calculated by means of satelli...

the issue of urban decline in city centers and horizontal expansion of the city and its consequences is a challenge in sustainable development of the cities. in this regard, new approaches were shaped to define career planning, urban design and urban environmental quality concerns in new-urbanism pattern. the critical approach to modern urban pattern was formed based on scattered, non-human and...

The House Sparrow is a globally distributed species and is closely associated with anthropised environments. They are well-adapted to urban life; therefore the decline of their populations in Europe represents an unexpected event that demands an investigation into its causes. Causes that have promoted this decline are not well-known, but one of the highlighted hypotheses is an increase of oxida...

Large old trees are disproportionate providers of structural elements (e.g. hollows, coarse woody debris), which are crucial habitat resources for many species. The decline of large old trees in modified landscapes is of global conservation concern. Once large old trees are removed, they are difficult to replace in the short term due to typically prolonged time periods needed for trees to matur...