in today’s world, one of the cities’ major challenges is the crisis of the built environment quality. as the urban design group discussed, urban management (local authorities) actors are kind of urban designers who unconsciously affect the quality of urban environment by their decisions. non-formal education and in-service training programs are effective methods to qualify staff for making deci...

urban perception is the result of mutual transaction between human and environment and the process of perception is developed through the three continuous steps of “sensation”, “perception” and “cognition”. in the first step (sensorial perception), the environmental signals are received via sensorial sensors and each different sense based on its own essence, performance and ability has its own ...

the objective of this study is to measure the city of tehran’s environmental quality in 2006 (the last census year). primarily, with a comparative analysis of a variety of urban sustainability indicator models, a collection of 54 indicators have been chosen and categorized as indicators of increase or decrease in urban environmental quality in the form of a simple mathematical model. based on t...

Admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of History. Urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. In most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. During a student’s later ...

To date, over thirty face transplants have been performed worldwide since 2005. Although advances in facial transplantation surgery now offer the possibility of societal reintegration to persons who suffer from severe facial disfiguration, speech deficits can persist. This paper reports on the speech characteristics of five patients following facial transplantation and relates them to labial st...

A new protocol for making an immediate provisional eyeglasses-supported nasal prosthesis is presented that uses laser scanning, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing procedures, and rapid prototyping techniques, reducing time and costs while increasing the quality of the final product. With this protocol, the eyeglasses were digitized, and the relative position of the nasal prosthe...