Mandatory fortification of bread with iodized salt was introduced in Australia in 2009, and studies using spot urine collections conducted post fortification indicate that Australian schoolchildren are now replete. However an accurate estimate of daily iodine intake utilizing 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/day) has not been reported and compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR)...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of adjustment for intraindividual variation on estimations of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), prevalence of iodine deficiency and population distribution of iodine status. SETTING Community-dwelling older adults from New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 84 healthy men and women aged 60-95 years were recruited prior to introduction of the mandatory...

We describe a simple, rapid procedure for measuring porphyrins in urine. After acidification of a urine specimen with hydrochloric acid, the second derivative of the absorption spectrum is recorded in the region of the Soret band maximum. The amplitude of the deflection is linearly related to porphyrin concentration, and the point at which the second derivative minimum occurs provides an estima...

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of crystalluria have clinical significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of urolithiasis. The aim of this paper is to provide a new accurate methodology to get qualitative and quantitative data on urine particulate in patients with renal stone disease.The procedure involves a urine collection, the separation of the solid residual by centrifugation, and...

During the last 50 years, a variety of methods have been developed to estimate Ca absorption in man. Mass balances were initially used, but these were unable to accurately measure fractional Ca absorption because they cannot distinguish unabsorbed dietary Ca from endogenous faecal Ca excretion (excretion of previously absorbed Ca back into the gut). A number of isotopic methods have been develo...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether the use of volumetric ultrasound by trained pediatric emergency department (ED) nurses improves first-attempt urine collection success rates. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted in children aged < or = 36 months requiring diagnostic urine samples. Children were randomized to either the conventional (nonimaged) or...

Reduction of population sodium intake has been identified as a key initiative for reduction of Non-Communicable Disease. Monitoring of population sodium intake must accompany public health initiatives aimed at sodium reduction. A number of different methods for estimating dietary sodium intake are currently in use. Dietary assessment is time consuming and often under-estimates intake due to und...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that plasma and urinary free choline concentrations decrease significantly during a marathon, and that these decreases may be associated with decreased performance. OBJECTIVE In a pilot study, we sought to determine whether lecithin supplementation prior to a marathon would maintain plasma free and urinary choline concentrations and improve performance v...

Fractional catabolic rates of iodine-labeled plasma albumins and fibrinogens have been measured in experiments of a few hours duration in adult rabbits. The method used which is based on release of labeled iodide from the protein gives accurate estimates of catabolic rates (expressed as fractions of the plasma protein pool catabolized per day) after 36 hr without the need for urine collections....