rainfall is considered a highly valuable climatologic resource, particularly in arid regions. as one of the primaryinputs that drive watershed dynamics, rainfall has been shown to be crucial for accurate distributed hydrologicmodeling. precipitation is known only at certain locations; interpolation procedures are needed to predict this variablein other regions. in this study, the ordinary cokri...

 This paper discusses traditional development models of GIS and proposes another model, geographical information system shell(GISS). Following the thought of GISS, a geographic information query tool(GIQT) is developed. GIQT's main purpose and menu structure are introduced, as well as the classification and encoding. This paper especially describes the implementation of "two-direction multi-fu...

An approach to agricultural management is to select and to identify susceptible regions for sowing according to the climatologic and physiographic condition of the land. Knowing this enables the farmers to farm in line with the physical and climatologic conditions of the land and to decrease the crop injuries due to the undesirable climatologic conditions. There fore, this approach can be an ef...

groundwater is one of the most important resources of water supply for various uses in many regions all over the globe including iran. different contaminants severely affect these resources and might render groundwater unsuitable for consumption. groundwater contamination by nitrate is a well known globally growing problem due to the population growth and increase of demand for food supplies. t...