In the Andapa region of northeast Madagascar, smallholders cultivating swidden hill rice (tavy) for subsistence are pressing against neighboring nature reserves. A dominant policy approach to reducing this pressure requires that smallholders abandon tavy and purchase rice from proceeds obtained from their environmentally sustainable commercial crops, vanilla and coffee. Economic liberalization ...

A decision-maker is airregularo if she would choose B from {A, B, C} but not from {A, B} (for example, preferring vanilla ice cream in a choice between vanilla and chocolate, but chocolate in a choice among vanilla, chocolate and strawberry). Similarly to previous studies we observed irregular choices by college students faced with hypothetical discount cards for supermarkets. However, older ad...

In Foreign Exchange Markets Compound options (options on options) are traded frequently. Instalment options generalize the concept of Compound options as they allow the holder to prolong a Vanilla Call or Put option by paying instalments of a discrete payment plan. We derive a closed-form solution to the value of such an option in the Black-Scholes model and prove that the limiting case of an I...

Root and stem rot (RSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae (Forv) is the most damaging disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia and V. × tahitensis, Orchidaceae). Breeding programs aimed at developing resistant vanilla varieties are hampered by the scarcity of sources of resistance to RSR and insufficient knowledge about the histopathology of Forv. In this work we have (...

A decision-maker is "irregular" if she would choose B from [A, B, C] but not from [A, B] (for example, preferring vanilla ice cream in a choice between vanilla and chocolate, but chocolate in a choice among vanilla, chocolate and strawberry). Similarly to previous studies we observed irregular choices by college students faced with hypothetical discount cards for supermarkets. However, older ad...

Abstract :The main problem of processed vanilla bean is the poor quality. One of causal factor is the lack of appropriate equipment such as dryer, and fermentation equipment. The purpose of This research is to produce an equipment that able to perform both drying and fermenting the raw vanilla beans directly after harvesting that have a good performance. By using this machine it was expected th...

The Black-Scholes model gives vanilla Europen call option prices as a function of the volatility. We prove Lipschitz stability in the inverse problem of determining the implied volatility, which is a function of the underlying asset, from a collection of quoted option prices with different strikes.

In an attempt to reduce cost while maintaining good customer service, some of the leading manufacturers in the computer industry are delaying product differentiation (by exploiting component commonality) while managing broader product lines. In an environment where demands are stochastic, it seems a good strategy to store inventory in the form of semi-finished products (vanilla boxes) that can ...