نتایج جستجو برای: vapocoolant spray
تعداد نتایج: 20727 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
An integration of vibration and cold relieves venipuncture pain in a pediatric emergency department.
OBJECTIVE A randomized controlled trial compared a reusable device combining cold and vibration to standard care for pediatric venous access pain relief. METHODS Pediatric emergency department patients received either the cold vibration device placed 5 to 10 cm proximally throughout venipuncture or standard care control (primarily vapocoolant spray). Block randomization of patients with or wi...
BACKGROUND Comprehensive international travel preparation often requires several vaccines. Up to 90% of adults have some fear of injections, mostly due to injection-related pain. Pediatric studies with routine vaccines have shown topical anesthetic EMLA cream (lidocaine and prilocaine, Astra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and the topical vapocoolant Fluori-Methane (dichlorodifluoromethane and trichloro...
ealthy newborns routinely experience acute pain during blood sampling for metabolic screening, injection of vitamin K or hepatitis vaccine, or circumcision. Children are similarly exposed to acute pain due to vaccination , invasive procedures or trauma. Acute pain caused by skin-breaking procedures can lead to physiologic instability and behavioural distress, and it has downstream effects on su...
The required water for greenhouses in Kishestan, Soume-e-Sara town, Guilan province, Iran, is mainly provided by underground resources that have inappropriate quality. One way to reduce the impact of salinity an plant growth is proper nutrition. This greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the effect of water salinity and foliar spray of calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) on growth and vase li...
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