Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH) is usually due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, resulting in loss of CSF volume. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) the inability posterior circulation brain autoregulate response significant variation blood pressure. Altered perfusion with associated blood-brain barrier disruption may lead vasogenic edema, without infarction, common...

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a family member of water-channel proteins and is dominantly expressed in the foot process of glial cells surrounding capillaries. The predominant expression at the boundaries between cerebral parenchyma and major fluid compartments suggests the function of aquaporin-4 in water transfer into and out of the brain parenchyma. Accumulating evidences have suggested that the dys...

A diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is based on a combination of clinical symptoms including headache, altered alertness, abnormalities of visual perception, and seizure, and characteristic neuroimaging findings of transient white matter edema, mostly in the posterior parietal-temporaloccipital regions of the brain (1, 2). Conditions commonly associated with PRES ...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability world-wide. The predominant cause of death after TBI is brain edema which can be quantified by non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). PURPOSE To provide a better understanding of the early onset, time course, spatial development, and type of brain edema after TBI a...

Diffusion of solutes and macromolecules in brain extracellular space (ECS) is important for normal brain function and efficient drug delivery, and is thought to be impaired in edematous brain. Here we measured the diffusion of an inert macromolecular fluorescent marker (FITC-dextran, 70 kDa) in the ECS by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching after staining the exposed cerebral cortex in v...

Cerebral edema from the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a common event in patients with stroke. Caveolins (Cavs) are thought to regulate BBB functions. Here, we report for the first time that Cav-1 overexpression (OE) decreased brain edema from BBB disruption following ischemic insult. Edema volumes and C...

The role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the formation of cerebral edema after stroke: Stroke can be classified into either ischemic or hemorrhagic based on their etiological mechanism. Cerebral edema development often accompanies both ischemic infarct and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Cerebral edema is differentiated according to their underlying mechanism and time course: cytotoxic and vasogenic. C...

In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of drug efflux transporter expressions following status epilepticus (SE). In the hippocampus and piriform cortex (PC), vasogenic edema peaked 3-4 days after SE. The expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein-4 (MRP4), and p-glycoprotein (p-GP) were decreased 4 days after SE when vasogenic edema wa...

Introduction: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been effectively used to detect ischemic stroke [1,2]. Although its underlying physical mechanism remains unknown, the restricted diffusion at the early stage is likely caused by cytotoxic edema, and the subsequent escalated diffusion might arise from the vasogenic edema [2, 3]. The diffusion in water compartments during cytotoxic edema was val...