because soil moisture condition affects vegetation changes hence, monitoring of drought and vegetation changes are among valuable management tools in these ecosystems. nowadays, satellite images are used as a low-cost and fast method for vegetation study in different scales. vegetation change is assessed using vegetation spectral characteristics. this study aimed to analyze and monitor the vege...

Leaf inclination angle distribution is an important canopy structure characteristic which directly impacts the fraction of the intercepted solar radiation. Together with the leaf area index (LAI) it determines the structure and fractional cover of a homogeneous crop canopy. Unfortunately, this key canopy parameter has usually been ignored when applying common multispectral vegetation indices to...

Satellite-based estimates of vegetation structure capture broad-scale vegetation characteristics as well as differences in vegetation structure at plot-scales. Active remote sensing from laser altimetry and radar systems is regularly used to measure vegetation height and infer vegetation structural attributes, however, the current uncertainty of their spaceborne measurements is likely to mask a...

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) remote sensing has been used to extract surface information as it can acquire highly accurate object shape characteristics using geo-registered 3D-points, and therefore, proven to be satisfactory for many applications, such as high-resolution elevation model generation, 3-D city mapping, vegetation structure estimation, etc. Large footprint LiDAR especially, ...

erosion plots were selected for characterizing the effects of main natural factors on runoff and soil loss in a semi-arid region. these erosion plots with an area of 40 m2 are located in the kakhk experimental watershed in gonabad county of khorasan-e razave province in the north-eastern iran. data acquired from 2008 to 2015 include slope, aspect, soil texture and land covers (canopy and litter...

This paper summarizes recent advances in vegetation hydrodynamics and uses the new concepts to explore not only how vegetation impacts flow and transport, but also how flow feedbacks can influence vegetation spatial structure. Sparse and dense submerged canopies are defined based on the relative contribution of turbulent stress and canopy drag to the momentum balance. In sparse canopies turbule...

Article history: Received 23 July 2015 Received in revised form 15 April 2016 Accepted 28 April 2016 Available online xxxx There is awell-established needwithin the remote sensing community for improved estimation and understanding of canopy structure and its influence on the retrieval of leaf biochemical properties. The main goal of this research was to assess the potential of optical spectral...

A vegetation/atmosphere radiative transfer method is employed to study atmospheric effects in spectral vegetation indices. A one-dimensional turbid medium model of a vegetation canopy that includes specular reflection and the hot spot effect is used to calculate canopy bidirectional reflectance factors. These are then used to specify the lower boundary condition of the atmospheric radiative tra...

This study presents a method for quantitatively estimating leaf area index (LAI) in winter wheat by exploring bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data. In BRDF data, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) which is sensitive to crown component, canopy cover and crown shape, is affected by illuminated crown component, while red reflectance is sensitive to canopy gaps and controlled b...

A small set of independent variables generally seems to suffice when attempting to describe the spectral response of a vegetation canopy to incident solar radiation. This set includes the soil reflectance, the single-scattering albedo, canopy transmittance, reflectance and interception, the portion of uncollided radiation in the total incident radiation, and portions of collided canopy transmit...